• ARRL Propagation Bulletin

    From Daryl Stout@HURRICAN to All on Fri Dec 30 14:16:00 2016
    SB PROP @ ARL $ARLP053
    ARLP053 Propagation de K7RA

    ZCZC AP53
    QST de W1AW
    Propagation Forecast Bulletin 53 ARLP053
    From Tad Cook, K7RA
    Seattle, WA December 30, 2016
    To all radio amateurs

    SB PROP ARL ARLP053
    ARLP053 Propagation de K7RA

    The Australian Space Forecast Centre issued a Geomagnetic
    Disturbance Warning on December 29 at 0010 UTC.

    "A recurrent equatorial coronal hole will soon reach geoeffective
    location on the solar disk. The size of the current coronal hole is
    relatively larger compared to its characteristics during the
    previous rotation. The co-rotating interaction region and subsequent
    high speed streams associated with the coronal hole is expected to
    affect Earth from late 30 December. Auroras may be visible on the
    local nights of 30 and 31 December in Tasmania and possibly from the
    coastline of Victoria."

    The warning said to expect active geomagnetic conditions on December
    30 and 31.

    The past two and a half weeks have seen seven days with 0 sunspots,
    spread over four periods of one to three days each.

    The first was December 10, then two days over December 16-17, then
    three days on December 23-25 and finally yesterday, December 29.

    Over the latest reporting week, December 22-28, average daily
    sunspot number was 7.6, down from 11 over the previous seven days.
    Average daily solar flux changed only slightly from 73.2 to 73.6.
    Average daily planetary A index increased from 7.9 to 17.3 and
    mid-latitude A index from 5.7 to 11.6.

    Predicted solar flux is about the same as recent indices. 72 on
    December 30, 75 on December 31 through January 6, 79 on January 7-9,
    77 on January 10-13, 75 on January 14-19, 73 on January 20-23, 75 on
    January 24-27, 77 on January 28 through February 1, 79 on February
    2-5, and 77 on February 6-9.

    Predicted planetary A index is 10, 24, 18, 10 and 12 on December 30
    through January 3, 24 on January 4-5, then 16, 14 and 6 on January
    6-8, 5 on January 9-13, 10 on January 14, 5 on January 15-16, then
    25, 20 and 25 on January 17-19, 18 on January 20-21, 10 on January
    22, 5 on January 23-25, then 15, 10, 5, 8, 10 and 20 on January
    26-31, then 22, 16, 14 and 6 on February 1-4 and 5 on February 5-9.

    We also have a geomagnetic activity forecast from Petr Kolman,
    OK1MGW, for the period December 30 2016 to January 25, 2017.

    Geomagnetic field will be:
    Quiet on January 10-12
    Mostly quiet on January 8-9, 25
    Quiet to unsettled on January 1-3, 13-16, 23-24
    Quiet to active on December 30 January 6-7, 17-20
    Active to disturbed on December 31, January 4-5, 21-22
    Increased solar wind from coronal holes expected on December 30-31,
    January 4-7, and then 17-22.

    Bob Hillman, AG6XC/VE7EK wrote:

    "I find the reports of value and look forward to each one.

    "While I take the time to dig into the science, I've developed a
    fondness for the candid comments of hams reporting their personal
    experiences.

    "All are different and reading them reminds me why I developed a
    life-long interest in the hobby. I like hearing from the guy who
    perseveres and finds some DX with a limited station and limitless
    patience.

    "It keeps alive some of the 'mystery' and 'magic' of the art, with
    some unique stories of success, even in light of poor HF propagation conditions.

    "Warmest wishes for a Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year!"

    Don't forget, Straight Key Night happens this weekend. Unpack your
    old J-38, Speed-X or Lionel (or any other) straight key and put it
    on the air. Details at http://www.arrl.org/straight-key-night .

    Here are a few images of straight keys to whet your appetite for
    tomorrow:

    http://www.arrl.org/images/view/Soapbox/sop-12102.jpg

    http://www.arrl.org/images/view/Soapbox/P1020280.JPG

    http://www.maxmccoy.com/Western-Electric-Key.jpg

    http://farm4.staticflickr.com/3273/2874491297_d892abf31b_z.jpg

    http://www.arrl.org/images/view/Soapbox/A%20SKN%20Key%20Table.jpg

    http://www.i2rtf.com/assets/images/SPARK_SCONTORNATO.jpg

    https://sites.google.com/site/wb9lpu/D40-0258r.jpg

    http://www.kn5l.net/morse/vibro_straight.jpg

    http://www.qsl.net/ur3ijc/ur3ijc_trcvr.jpg

    http://www.telegraphkeys.com/images/straightkeys/swedish/oller-mine.jpg

    http://bit.ly/2hC0fmK

    http://www.wj1b.com/uploads/8/4/0/9/8409204/9766595_orig.jpg

    If you would like to make a comment or have a tip for our readers,
    email the author at k7ra@arrl.net.

    For more information concerning radio propagation, see the ARRL
    Technical Information Service web page at, http://arrl.org/propagation-of-rf-signals. For an explanation of
    numbers used in this bulletin, see http://arrl.org/the-sun-the-earth-the-ionosphere.

    An archive of past propagation bulletins is at http://arrl.org/w1aw-bulletins-archive-propagation. More good
    information and tutorials on propagation are at http://k9la.us/.

    Monthly propagation charts between four USA regions and twelve
    overseas locations are at http://arrl.org/propagation. Instructions
    for starting or ending email distribution of ARRL bulletins are at http://arrl.org/bulletins.

    Sunspot numbers for December 22 through 28 were 12, 0, 0, 0, 13, 14,
    and 14, with a mean of 7.6. 10.7 cm flux was 74.8, 73.7, 73.1, 72.5,
    73.8, 73.7, and 73.3, with a mean of 73.6. Estimated planetary A
    indices were 23, 24, 14, 21, 22, 11, and 6, with a mean of 17.3.
    Estimated mid-latitude A indices were 15, 17, 10, 12, 15, 8, and 4,
    with a mean of 11.6.
    NNNN
    /EX


    Posted by VPost v1.7.081019
  • From Daryl Stout@HURRICAN to All on Fri Jan 6 13:26:00 2017
    SB PROP @ ARL $ARLP001
    ARLP001 Propagation de K7RA

    ZCZC AP01
    QST de W1AW
    Propagation Forecast Bulletin 1 ARLP001
    From Tad Cook, K7RA
    Seattle, WA January 6, 2017
    To all radio amateurs

    SB PROP ARL ARLP001
    ARLP001 Propagation de K7RA

    The Sun was quieter this reporting week compared to the previous
    seven days. There were 4 zero-sunspot days, Thursday December 29,
    Sunday, Monday, and Wednesday, plus a fifth on the following
    Thursday, January 5. Geomagnetic numbers were also lower.

    Average daily sunspot number decreased from 7.6 to 4.7, average
    daily solar flux declined a half point from 73.6 to 73.1, while
    average daily planetary A index went from 17.3 to 9.3. Average
    mid-latitude A index went from 11.6 to 6.3.

    The latest forecast sees solar flux at 72 on January 6, 71 on
    January 7-13, 76 on January 14, 77 on January 15-19, 75 on January
    20-24, 74 on January 25-27, 73 on January 28 through February 2, 75
    on February 3-7, 76 on February 8-10, and 77 on February 11-15.

    The Ap prediction for planetary A index sees 18, 14, 10, 6 and 5 on
    January 6-10, then 12 on January 11-12, 8 and 10, on January 13-14,
    then 5 on January 15-16, then 25, 20, 25, and 18 on January 17-20,
    then 20 on January 21-22, 10 on January 23, and 5 on January 24-26,
    then 12, 15, 10, 12 and 18 on January 27-31, then 24, 22, 15 and 8
    on February 1-4 and 5 on February 5-9.

    F.K. Janda, OK1HH delivered his geomagnetic predictions a day early
    this week:

    Geomagnetic activity forecast for the period January 6-February 1,
    2017.

    Geomagnetic field will be:
    Quiet on January 8-10, 16, 24-25,
    Mostly quiet on January 11-12, 15, 26, 30,
    Quiet to unsettled on January 23, 27, 29
    Quiet to active on January 6-7, 13-14, 17-18, 28, 31
    Active to disturbed on January 19-20, (21-22,) February 1

    Increases in solar wind from coronal holes are expected on January
    6-8, 17-20, 25, (27-31,) and February 1.

    Parenthesis means lower probability of activity enhancement.

    Jon Jones, N0JK wrote:

    "Nice activity on 6 meter meteor scatter in the Quadrantids Meteor
    Shower Jan. 3, 2017.

    "I set up portable on 50 MHz about 8 am this morning west of
    Lawrence, Kansas. Very cold and strong wind -- wind chill 10 deg F
    here in Lawrence.

    "Two contacts in 5 minutes -- W4HLR and WZ8D on 50.145 MHz SSB. I
    CQ'd a while longer, got cold and packed up.

    "Listened from home on 50.145 and heard a loud 'blue whizzer' on
    WZ8D at 1447z - worked John again easily with the attic dipole. Near
    as I can tell -- the peak of the Quads was between 1400 - 1530z.

    "N8JX EN64 heard me earlier, but weak. I am blocked by a hill to the
    northeast to N8JX from home, so back out portable at 1510z. Worked
    Terry in 2 minutes on 50.145 MHz at 1513z. I was running 100 W and 2
    el yagi. He pegged the meter.

    "Lots of meteor scatter activity on 6 meters with the new MSK144
    mode. It is very efficient. But nice to see the old school SSB
    meteor scatter activity in the Quads."

    Jon mentioned MSK144, a new WSPR mode for meteor scatter. Details
    here:

    https://physics.princeton.edu/pulsar/k1jt/Release_Notice.txt

    If you would like to make a comment or have a tip for our readers,
    email the author at k7ra@arrl.net.

    For more information concerning radio propagation, see the ARRL
    Technical Information Service web page at, http://arrl.org/propagation-of-rf-signals. For an explanation of
    numbers used in this bulletin, see http://arrl.org/the-sun-the-earth-the-ionosphere.

    An archive of past propagation bulletins is at http://arrl.org/w1aw-bulletins-archive-propagation. More good
    information and tutorials on propagation are at http://k9la.us/.

    Monthly propagation charts between four USA regions and twelve
    overseas locations are at http://arrl.org/propagation. Instructions
    for starting or ending email distribution of ARRL bulletins are at http://arrl.org/bulletins.

    Sunspot numbers for December 29, 2016 through January 4, 2017 were
    0, 11, 11, 0, 0, 11, and 0, with a mean of 4.7. 10.7 cm flux was
    73.4, 73.6, 73.5, 72.5, 73, 73.4, and 72.4, with a mean of 73.1.
    Estimated planetary A indices were 5, 4, 12, 14, 7, 12, and 11, with
    a mean of 9.3. Estimated mid-latitude A indices were 2, 2, 10, 9, 5,
    8, and 8, with a mean of 6.3.
    NNNN
    /EX


    Posted by VPost v1.7.081019
  • From Daryl Stout@HURRICAN to All on Fri Jan 13 18:42:00 2017
    SB PROP @ ARL $ARLP002
    ARLP002 Propagation de K7RA

    ZCZC AP02
    QST de W1AW
    Propagation Forecast Bulletin 2 ARLP002
    From Tad Cook, K7RA
    Seattle, WA January 13, 2017
    To all radio amateurs

    SB PROP ARL ARLP002
    ARLP002 Propagation de K7RA

    No sunspots were visible on January 1-2 and none on January 4-11.
    Our reporting week is January 5-11, so the average daily sunspot
    number for that period was zero.

    For a look at recent sunspot numbers, check ftp://ftp.swpc.noaa.gov/pub/indices/DSD.txt and note the many
    zeroes.

    Average daily solar flux this week was 72.5, down from 73.1 the week
    before. Average planetary A index rose 5 points to 14.3, while
    average mid-latitude A index increased from 6.3 to 10.6.

    Predicted solar flux is 80 and 82 on January 13-14, 85 on January
    15-19, 76 on January 20-25, 74 on January 26-28, 73 on January 29
    through February 1, 72 on February 2-7, 74 on February 8, and 76 on
    February 9-21.

    Predicted planetary A index is 8 on January 13-14, 5 on January 15,
    10 on January 16, 20 on January 17-19, 18 on January 20, 20 on
    January 21-22, 10 on January 23, 5 on January 24-26, then 12, 15, 7,
    10 and 12 on January 27-31, then 16, 18, 20, 16, 12 and 5 on
    February 1-6, then 12, 15, 10 and 8 on February 7-10, 5 on February
    11-12, then 25, 20, 25 and 18 on February 13-16, and 20 on February
    17-18.

    This from "Sky and Telescope" regarding our spotless Sun:

    http://www.skyandtelescope.com/astronomy-news/the-spotless-sun/

    And, another:

    https://www.sott.net/article/339435-Sunspots-vanish-space-weather-continues

    From Jon Jones, N0JK:

    "Good sporadic-E on 6 meters January 8, 9 and 10th, 2017.

    "Best probably day so far January 9, 6 meters was open from coast to
    coast with some double hop Es worked from the west coast to 8 land
    confirmed by this spot:

    "W6XK 17/01/09 1958Z 50276.0 EN81LI CM97 Copied in OH N8EHW

    "K7JA DM03 notes 10 hours of sporadic-E on 6 meters, Jan. 9.

    "December, 2016 was so poor. Not sure yet why January, 2017 is so
    much better, but will roll with it.

    "I worked AI1K DM34 and KA7JOI DM54 with just a 10 W SSB MFJ-9406,
    and mag mount whip on the car from the KC VA Hospital parking lot on
    a short break from work about 1850z Jan. 9. Both stations were very
    strong via sporadic-E on 6. KA7JOI so loud he sounded like was just
    a few cars away! K5SW observed Jan. 9 was 'like summer E-skip on
    6."'

    NASA released an update on the current solar cycle, but there is no
    new information, except two links.

    https://solarscience.msfc.nasa.gov/predict.shtml

    The updated links:

    https://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/videogallery/index.html?media_id=19197261

    https://solarprobe.gsfc.nasa.gov/

    From OK1HH, F.K. Janda:

    "Geomagnetic activity forecast for the period January 13 to February
    8, 2017:

    "Geomagnetic field will be:
    Quiet on January 16, 26
    Mostly quiet on January 13, 24-25
    Quiet to unsettled on January 14-15, 23, 29, 31, February 5
    Quiet to active on January 17, 20, 22, 27, 30, February 3-4, 6, 8
    Active to disturbed on January 18-19, 21, 28, February 1-2, 7

    "Amplifications of the solar wind from coronal holes are expected on
    January 18-20, (21-24,) 26, (31,) February (1-5,) 6-7

    "Remark: - Parenthesis means lower probability of activity
    enhancement. - Observed indicia of upcoming MAJOR CHANGES in solar
    activity! Therefore, the current forecast is less reliable.

    "Beware of 'Paraskavedekatriaphobia' tomorrow. "

    I am particularly pleased to see the OK1HH warning about Paraskavedekatriaphobia - the fear of Friday the 13 - something we
    don't hear much about anymore.

    If you would like to make a comment or have a tip for our readers,
    email the author at k7ra@arrl.net.

    For more information concerning radio propagation, see the ARRL
    Technical Information Service web page at, http://arrl.org/propagation-of-rf-signals. For an explanation of
    numbers used in this bulletin, see http://arrl.org/the-sun-the-earth-the-ionosphere.

    An archive of past propagation bulletins is at http://arrl.org/w1aw-bulletins-archive-propagation. More good
    information and tutorials on propagation are at http://k9la.us/.

    Monthly propagation charts between four USA regions and twelve
    overseas locations are at http://arrl.org/propagation. Instructions
    for starting or ending email distribution of ARRL bulletins are at http://arrl.org/bulletins.

    Sunspot numbers for January 5 through 11, 2017 were 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
    0, and 0, with a mean of 0. 10.7 cm flux was 73.3, 72, 72, 71.5,
    71.2, 72.7, and 74.5, with a mean of 72.5. Estimated planetary A
    indices were 18, 16, 20, 16, 12, 10, and 8, with a mean of 14.3.
    Estimated mid-latitude A indices were 15, 14, 14, 11, 8, 5, and 7,
    with a mean of 10.6.
    NNNN
    /EX


    Posted by VPost v1.7.081019
  • From Daryl Stout@HURRICAN to All on Fri Jan 20 19:03:00 2017
    SB PROP @ ARL $ARLP003
    ARLP003 Propagation de K7RA

    ZCZC AP03
    QST de W1AW
    Propagation Forecast Bulletin 3 ARLP003
    From Tad Cook, K7RA
    Seattle, WA January 20, 2017
    To all radio amateurs

    SB PROP ARL ARLP003
    ARLP003 Propagation de K7RA

    Last week's Propagation Forecast Bulletin ARLP002 featured zero
    sunspots for the entire seven days.

    This week (January 12-18) the average daily sunspot number rose to
    22.6.

    Average daily solar flux rose from 72.5 to 77.1. Average planetary A
    index declined from 14.3 to 6.

    Predicted solar flux is 80 on January 20-23, then 78, 77 and 75 on
    January 24-26, 77 on January 27 through February 1, 76 on February
    2, 75 on February 3-8, 76 on February 9, 77 on February 10-14, 78 on
    February 15, 80 on February 16-21, 78 on January 22, and 77 on
    January 23-28.

    Predicted planetary A index is 15, 12, 10 and 8 on January 20-23, 5
    on January 24-26, then 12, 15, 7, 10, 12 on January 27-31, then 16,
    18, 20, 16, 12, 10 and 8 on February 1-7, and 5 on February 8-12,
    then 8, 22 and 18 on February 13-15, 16 on February 16-18, then 12
    and 8 on February 19-20, then 5 on February 21-22 and 12, 15, 7 and
    10 on February 23-26.

    "Geomagnetic activity forecast for the period January 20-February
    15, 2017 from F.K. Janda, OK1HH.

    "Geomagnetic field will be:
    Quiet on January 25-26, February 10, 13-14
    Mostly quiet on January 24, 30, February 6, 9, 11-12
    Quiet to unsettled on January 23, 27, 31, February 1, 3
    Quiet to active on January 20-22, 28-29, February 7-8
    Active to disturbed on January February 2, 4-5, 15

    "Amplifications of the solar wind from coronal holes are expected on
    January 20-21, (22-25,) 26, (31,) February (1-5,) 9, (15)

    "Remarks:
    - Parenthesis means lower probability of activity enhancement.
    - Observed indicia of upcoming MAJOR CHANGES in solar activity!
    Therefore, the current forecast is less reliable.

    "F. K. Janda, OK1HH"

    Time now to examine the average daily sunspot number for 2016, which
    was 36.8. Starting from Solar Cycle 24 minimum in 2008, annual
    average daily sunspot numbers were 4.7, 5.1, 25.5, 80.1, 82.3, 97.1,
    121.2, 70.1 and 36.8.

    The January 11, 2017 issue of ARRL Contest Update (current and back
    issues available at http://www.arrl.org/contest-update-issues )
    mentions a new online propagation prediction program from G4FKH via
    RSGB. The link to ITURHFprop is at http://bit.ly/2jTVHFQ .

    The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) telescope in
    Chile is providing new detailed images of the Sun. See
    http://bit.ly/2ka6JKh for details.

    More info from regular contributor David Moore:

    https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/01/170117101835.htm

    John Kelley, K4WY wrote on January 17:

    "Great timely info as always thank you! I wanted to share with you
    that on January 2 on 17 meters I worked E51DMC, VK2DX and ZL4FF all
    within a spread of an hour. I was in VA and running 100 watts to a
    loop and was really surprised when I checked the SN count, A and K
    indexes. Could not have been much worse! So - I am at a loss as to
    how to explain the propagation! But I liked it at least for that
    hour. 73."

    The sunspot number was 0 on that date, and the day prior. There was
    one brief sunspot appearance the next day, then none at all from
    January 4-11. But given those numbers and daily solar flux (around
    72-73) there should be some pretty good propagation during that
    period. W6ELprop predicts for that date that ZL4FF might receive
    your 17 meter, 100 watt signal from 1530-1930z fairly reliably.

    To VK2DX the prediction shows good propagation 1800-2100z. To E51DMC
    (South Cook, I assume?) it looks good on 17 meters from 1700-2030z.

    If you would like to make a comment or have a tip for our readers,
    email the author at k7ra@arrl.net.

    For more information concerning radio propagation, see the ARRL
    Technical Information Service web page at, http://arrl.org/propagation-of-rf-signals. For an explanation of
    numbers used in this bulletin, see http://arrl.org/the-sun-the-earth-the-ionosphere.

    An archive of past propagation bulletins is at http://arrl.org/w1aw-bulletins-archive-propagation. More good
    information and tutorials on propagation are at http://k9la.us/.

    Monthly propagation charts between four USA regions and twelve
    overseas locations are at http://arrl.org/propagation. Instructions
    for starting or ending email distribution of ARRL bulletins are at http://arrl.org/bulletins.

    Sunspot numbers for January 12 through 18, 2017 were 11, 24, 25, 23,
    24, 26, and 25, with a mean of 22.6. 10.7 cm flux was 75.5, 74.9,
    76.6, 77.5, 78.3, 78.6, and 78.6, with a mean of 77.1. Estimated
    planetary A indices were 5, 4, 4, 5, 3, 4, and 17, with a mean of 6.
    Estimated mid-latitude A indices were 3, 3, 3, 2, 2, 3, and 11, with
    a mean of 3.9.
    NNNN
    /EX


    Posted by VPost v1.7.081019
  • From Daryl Stout@HURRICAN to All on Fri Jan 27 17:10:00 2017
    SB PROP @ ARL $ARLP004
    ARLP004 Propagation de K7RA

    ZCZC AP04
    QST de W1AW
    Propagation Forecast Bulletin 4 ARLP004
    From Tad Cook, K7RA
    Seattle, WA January 27, 2017
    To all radio amateurs

    SB PROP ARL ARLP004
    ARLP004 Propagation de K7RA

    Average daily sunspot number rose from 22.6 to 52.7 (from 0 two
    weeks ago) and solar flux from 77.1 to 83.9, for the January 19-25
    reporting week.

    In addition to this recent uptick, the first sunspot group of Cycle
    25 (12620) appeared on December 18. Carl Luetzelschwab, K9LA has an
    excellent article about this in the next (February) issue of the
    Northwest Indiana DX Club newsletter (see http://nwidxclub.weebly.com/newsletters in early February).

    Heliospheric Physicist Dr. Tamitha Skov mentioned the new Solar
    Cycle 25 spot in a recent video:

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RMEJEwlm4gw

    Sunspot 12620 was expected to return (if still active) around
    January 4-6, but did not show again.

    It appeared in these alerts on December 21-24:

    http://bit.ly/2jZ04Q0

    Here is an image from December 22:

    http://bit.ly/2kt1UbM

    Predicted solar flux is 82 on January 27, 80 on January 28, 78 on
    January 29 through February 3, 75 on February 4-7, 76 on February 8,
    77 on February 9-12, then 78, 79, and 81 on February 13-15, 83 on
    February 16-18, then 85, 83 and 82 on February 19-21, 80 on February
    22-24, 78 on February 25, 77 on February 26-27, 76 on February 29
    through March 1, 75 on March 2-6, and 76 on March 7.

    Predicted planetary A index is 15 on January 27-28, 8 on January 29,
    12 on January 30-31, then 18, 15, 20 and 16 on February 1-4, 12, 10
    and 8 on February 5-7, 5 on February 8-13, 15 on February 14, 10 on
    February 15-16, 8 on February 17-19, 5 on February 20-22, then 12,
    15, 8, 10, 12 and 16 on February 23-28, and 18, 20, 16 and 12 on
    March 1-4.

    F.K Janda, OK1HH sent us this:

    "Geomagnetic activity forecast for the period January 27-February
    22, 2017

    "Geomagnetic field will be:
    Quiet on January 27, February 1, 11-12, 14, 22
    Mostly quiet on January 30, February 9-10, 20-21
    Quiet to unsettled on January 31, February 13, 19
    Quiet to active on January 28-29, February 3-5, 15, 17
    Active to disturbed on February 2, 6-7 (8, 16, 18)

    "Amplifications of the solar wind from coronal holes are expected on
    January 26, (31,) February (1-5,) 9, (15)

    "Remark: - Parenthesis means lower probability of activity
    enhancement."

    If you would like to make a comment or have a tip for our readers,
    email the author at k7ra@arrl.net.

    For more information concerning radio propagation, see the ARRL
    Technical Information Service web page at, http://arrl.org/propagation-of-rf-signals. For an explanation of
    numbers used in this bulletin, see http://arrl.org/the-sun-the-earth-the-ionosphere.

    An archive of past propagation bulletins is at http://arrl.org/w1aw-bulletins-archive-propagation. More good
    information and tutorials on propagation are at http://k9la.us/.

    Monthly propagation charts between four USA regions and twelve
    overseas locations are at http://arrl.org/propagation. Instructions
    for starting or ending email distribution of ARRL bulletins are at http://arrl.org/bulletins.

    Sunspot numbers for January 19 through 25, 2017 were 26, 61, 67, 61,
    53, 55, and 46, with a mean of 52.7. 10.7 cm flux was 79.5, 83.2,
    86.1, 86.8, 84.1, 82.3, and 85.1, with a mean of 83.9. Estimated
    planetary A indices were 11, 11, 11, 9, 5, 3, and 6, with a mean of
    8. Estimated mid-latitude A indices were 10, 9, 9, 8, 2, 3, and 4,
    with a mean of 6.4.
    NNNN
    /EX


    Posted by VPost v1.7.081019
  • From Daryl Stout@HURRICAN to All on Fri Feb 3 19:38:00 2017
    SB PROP @ ARL $ARLP005
    ARLP005 Propagation de K7RA

    ZCZC AP05
    QST de W1AW
    Propagation Forecast Bulletin 5 ARLP005
    From Tad Cook, K7RA
    Seattle, WA February 3, 2017
    To all radio amateurs

    SB PROP ARL ARLP005
    ARLP005 Propagation de K7RA

    Over the past reporting week (January 26 through February 1) average
    daily sunspot number declined 21.1 points to 31.6, compared to the
    previous seven days.

    Average daily planetary A index increased from 8 to 15.6, and
    average mid-latitude A index rose 5 points to 11.4.

    Predicted solar flux is 75 on February 3, 74 on February 4 and 5, 75
    on February 6 to 10, 77 on February 11 and 12, then 78, 79 and 81 on
    February 13 to 15, 83 on February 16 to 18, 85 on February 19 to 21,
    80 on February 22 to 24, then 75 and 76 on February 25 and 26, 75 on
    February 27 through March 1, 74 on March 2 and 3, 72 on March 4 and
    5, 75 and 76 on March 6 and 7, 77 on March 8 to 11 and 78, 79 and 81
    on March 12 to 14.

    Predicted planetary A index is 16, 14, 12, 10 and 8 on February 3 to
    7, 5 on February 8 to 13, 15 on February 14, 10 on February 15 and
    16, 8 on February 17 and 18, 5 on February 19 to 21, 10 and 15 on
    February 22 to 23, 10 on February 24 to 26, then 25, 20 and 18 on
    February 27 through March 1, 15 on March 2 to 4, then 10 and 8 on
    March 5 and 6, 5 on March 7 to 12, 15 on March 13, 10 on March 14
    and 15, and 8 on March 16 and 17.

    Geomagnetic activity forecast for the period February 3 to March 2,
    2017 from OK1HH. Geomagnetic field will be:

    Quiet on February 12, 26
    Mostly quiet on February 10 and 11, 13 and 14, 22 and 23
    Quiet to unsettled on February 9, 21, 27
    Quiet to active on February 4 to 6, 8, 16 and 17, 20, 25, 28
    Active to disturbed on February 3, 7, 15, 18 and 19, 24, March 1 and
    2

    Amplifications of the solar wind from coronal holes are expected on
    February 3 to 7, (8 and 9,) 16 to 21, (22,) 26 and 27

    Remark:
    - Parenthesis means lower probability of activity enhancement.

    Thanks to David Moore for this article on how NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray
    Space Telescope sees events on the sun's far side:

    http://bit.ly/2kZmd4h

    For more information concerning radio propagation, see the ARRL
    Technical Information Service at
    http://arrl.org/propagation-of-rf-signals. For an explanation of
    numbers used in this bulletin, see http://arrl.org/the-sun-the-earth-the-ionosphere.

    An archive of past propagation bulletins is at http://arrl.org/w1aw-bulletins-archive-propagation. More good
    information and tutorials on propagation are at http://k9la.us/.

    Monthly propagation charts between four USA regions and twelve
    overseas locations are at http://arrl.org/propagation. Instructions
    for starting or ending email distribution of ARRL bulletins are at http://arrl.org/bulletins.

    Sunspot numbers for January 26 through February 1, 2017 were 31, 33,
    28, 24, 35, 42, and 28, with a mean of 31.6. 10.7 cm flux was 83.1,
    80.3, 78.5, 76.6, 77, 76, and 76, with a mean of 78.2. Estimated
    planetary A indices were 13, 21, 9, 7, 6, 24, and 29, with a mean of
    15.6. Estimated mid-latitude A indices were 11, 17, 7, 5, 5, 16,
    and 19, with a mean of 11.4.
    NNNN
    /EX


    Posted by VPost v1.7.081019
  • From Daryl Stout@HURRICAN/THUNDER to All on Fri Feb 17 17:14:00 2017
    SB PROP @ ARL $ARLP007
    ARLP007 Propagation de K7RA

    ZCZC AP07
    QST de W1AW
    Propagation Forecast Bulletin 7 ARLP007
    From Tad Cook, K7RA
    Seattle, WA February 17, 2017
    To all radio amateurs

    SB PROP ARL ARLP007
    ARLP007 Propagation de K7RA

    In the last reporting week (February 9 to 15) average daily sunspot
    numbers declined from 21.3 to 17.6, and average daily solar flux
    rose from 73.5 to 75.1. Average planetary A index dropped from 12.9
    to 4.7, and mid-latitude A index from 9.9 to 2.9.

    Predicted solar flux is 74 on February 17 to 19, then 77, 80, 83, 85
    and 80 on February 20 to 24, 78 on February 25 and 26, 76 on
    February 27 and 28, 75 on March 1 and 2, 73 on March 3 and 4, 72 on
    March 5 to 7, 73 and 74 on March 8 and 9, 75 on March 10 and 11, 78
    on March 12 to 15, 80 on March 16 to 18, then 82, 85 and 82 on March
    19 to 21, 80 on March 22 and 23, 78 on March 24 and 25, 76 on March
    26 and 27, 75 on March 28 and 29 and 73 on March 30 and 31.

    Predicted planetary A index is 12, 10 and 8 on February 17 and 19, 5
    on February 20 and 21, 8 and 14 on February 22 and 23, 10 on
    February 24 and 25, then 5, 25, 30, 25 and 20 on February 26 through
    March 2, 15 on March 3 to 5, 8 on March 6, 5 on March 7 to 12, then
    8, 12 and 10 on March 13 to 15, 8 on March 16 and 17, 5 on March 18
    to 20, then 10 and 15 on March 21 and 22, then 10 on March 23 and 24
    and 5, 25, 30, 25 and 20 on March 25 to 29, and 15 on March 30
    through April 1.

    Geomagnetic activity forecast for the period February 17 to March
    15, 2017 from F.K. Janda, OK1HH:

    Geomagnetic field will be:
    Quiet on February 21, 24, 26, March 8, 11 and 12
    Mostly quiet on February 19 and 20, March 9 and 10
    Quiet to unsettled February 17, March 4, 7, 13 to 15
    Quiet to active on February 18, 25, March 3, 6
    Active to disturbed on February (22 and 23,) 27 and 28, March 1 and
    2, 5

    Increases in solar wind from coronal holes are expected on February
    16 and 17, (18 to 22, 26 and 27,) March 2 to 5
    Remark:
    - Parenthesis means lower probability of activity enhancement.

    The weekly ARRL Newsletter (published every Thursday online) carried
    a fascinating and timely article this week about the reactivation of
    the HAARP facility in Alaska via Professor Chris Fallen, KL3WX: http://bit.ly/2kwpB6J

    The ARRL Newsletter also runs a weekly preview of this ARRL
    Propagation Bulletin. Here is the latest version of the HAARP blog: https://sites.google.com/alaska.edu/gakonahaarpoon/operations-news

    The ARRL International DX CW Contest begins this evening, UTC. http://www.arrl.org/arrl-dx

    Starting tonight is also the Novice Rig Roundup, which is an on-air
    activity concentrating on operating old Novice ham transmitters from
    the 1950's and 1960's, which was all crystal controlled and 75 watts
    or less, CW only (except for AM on 2 meters). Let's see. Where is
    my old DX-20?

    Stations using modern rigs are welcome also. Check it out at http://novicerigroundup.com/ .

    Thanks to David Moore for this, concerning a slower spinning Sun: http://to.pbs.org/2lJmPrX

    For more information concerning radio propagation, see the ARRL
    Technical Information Service at
    http://arrl.org/propagation-of-rf-signals. For an explanation of
    numbers used in this bulletin, see http://arrl.org/the-sun-the-earth-the-ionosphere.

    An archive of past propagation bulletins is at http://arrl.org/w1aw-bulletins-archive-propagation.

    More good information and tutorials on propagation are at
    http://k9la.us/.

    Monthly propagation charts between four USA regions and twelve
    overseas locations are at http://arrl.org/propagation.

    Instructions for starting or ending email distribution of ARRL
    bulletins are at http://arrl.org/bulletins.

    Sunspot numbers for February 9 through 15, 2017 were 15, 18, 18, 18,
    16, 15, and 23, with a mean of 17.6. 10.7 cm flux was 75.4, 74,
    75.7, 76.2, 74.8, 74.5, and 74.8, with a mean of 75.1. Estimated
    planetary A indices were 7, 8, 5, 3, 5, 2, and 3, with a mean of
    4.7. Estimated mid-latitude A indices were 5, 5, 3, 2, 2, 1, and 2,
    with a mean of 2.9.
    NNNN
    /EX


    Posted by VPost v1.7.081019
  • From Daryl Stout@HURRICAN/THUNDER to All on Fri Feb 24 18:46:00 2017
    SB PROP @ ARL $ARLP008
    ARLP008 Propagation de K7RA

    ZCZC AP08
    QST de W1AW
    Propagation Forecast Bulletin 8 ARLP008
    From Tad Cook, K7RA
    Seattle, WA February 24, 2017
    To all radio amateurs

    SB PROP ARL ARLP008
    ARLP008 Propagation de K7RA

    At 0124 UTC on February 22 Australian Space Weather Services issued
    a geomagnetic disturbance warning for February 22-24:

    "The effect of a high speed solar wind stream from a recurrent
    coronal hole is expected to raise geomagnetic activity to active
    levels from 22 to 24 February with the possibility of minor storm
    periods on 23 and 24 February.

    "Increased geomagnetic activity expected due to coronal hole high
    speed wind stream from 23-24 February 2017.

    "Geomagnetic Activity Forecast
    23 Feb: Unsettled to Active, isolated Minor Storm periods possible
    24 Feb: Unsettled to Active"

    Spaceweather.com on February 22 issued a Solar Wind Advisory: "Earth
    is about to enter a stream of solar wind flowing from a hole in the
    Sun's atmosphere. NOAA forecasters estimate a 60% chance of polar
    geomagnetic storms on February 23rd as the solar wind speed quickens
    to 550 km/s or more. Arctic sky watchers should be alert for auroras
    on Thursday and Friday nights. See updates and sightings at http://www.spaceweather.com."

    Over the past week, February 16-22, average daily sunspot number
    compared to the previous seven days increased from 17.6 to 19.1,
    while average solar flux increased from 75.1 to 78.5.

    Geomagnetic indicators were slightly higher, with average planetary
    A index increasing from 4.7 to 11.3, and average mid-latitude A
    index changing from 2.9 to 9.

    Predicted solar flux (on February 22) is 84 on February 23-24, 83 on
    February 25, 82 on February 26 through March 1, 78 on March 2, 73 on
    March 3-4, 72 on March 5-7, 73 and 74 on March 8-9, 75 on March
    10-14, then 74, 75, 77 and 79 on March 15-18, 82 on March 19-24,
    then 80, 78 and 76 on March 25-27, 75 on March 28-29, 73 on March
    30-31, and 72 on April 1-3.

    Predicted planetary A index is 18 and 12 on February 23-24, 8 on
    February 25-26, then 16, 24 and 20 on February 27 through March 1,
    15 on March 2-5, 8 on March 6, 5 on March 7-14, then 10, 20, 15, 10
    and 12 on March 15-19, 10 on March 20-21, then 12, 15, 20 and 18 on
    March 22-25, then 8, 30, 25 and 20 on March 26-29.

    Geomagnetic predictions are included as usual this week from F.K.
    Janda, OK1HH, but first is a shorter term forecast from Thomas Bayer
    of the Department of Geomagnetism at the Budkov Observatory:

    "Geomagnetic activity forecast for the period February 24-March 2, 2017

    "Quiet: episodically Feb 25-26
    Unsettled: Feb 25-Mar 2
    Active: Feb 24-25, 28, Mar 1
    Minor storm: possible Feb 24, 28
    Major storm: 0
    Severe storm: 0

    "Geomagnetic activity summary: 'We expect unsettled conditions
    during the next week. Tomorrow, Friday, February 24, we expect an
    active episode, unlikely minor storm event. The other active episode
    is probable at February 28-March 1. The activity is probable at
    active/minor storm again.

    "'The other days, we expect at most unsettled conditions. During the
    coming weekend, the activity can briefly decrease to quiet level,
    then, we expect at most unsettled conditions till the active episode
    mentioned above."'

    "Tomas Bayer
    RWC Prague
    Institute of Geophysics of the ASCR, Prague
    Department of Geomagnetism
    Budkov observatory (BDV)"

    "Geomagnetic activity forecast for the period February 24-March 22,
    2017:

    "Geomagnetic field will be:
    Quiet on March 7-8, 11-12, 15
    Mostly quiet on February 25-26, March 6, 14
    Quiet to unsettled February 24, March 9-10, 13, (21-22)
    Quiet to active on February 27, March 3-5, 16, 19-20
    Active to disturbed on February 28, March 1-2, 17-18

    "Amplifications of the solar wind from coronal holes are expected on
    February 27-28, March 3-5, (6-8)

    "Remark: Parenthesis means lower probability of activity enhancement
    and/or lower reliability of prediction.

    "F.K. Janda, OK1HH Czech Propagation Interested Group OK1HH
    compiling weekly forecasts since 1978 e-mail: ok1hh@rsys.cz ."

    Jon Jones, N0JK (Editor of The World Above 50 MHz, the QST monthly
    VHF column since 2011) sent some notes on last weekend's ARRL
    International CW DX Contest. (The Phone contest weekend will be on
    March 4-5, 2017).

    "Feb 19 5:47 PM:

    "To Tad, The 10 meter band was like 'day' and 'night' between
    Saturday and Sunday of the ARRL DX CW contest.

    "I operated fixed mobile single band on 10 with a full size 1/4 wave
    whip both days. Saturday was nice sunny warm weather, but almost a
    dead band. I found PJ2T and PJ4X, both weak with QSB, and worked. I
    called XR2K for over an hour with luck. Did he mean NO Luck? - Ed.
    That was it. Is this how 10 meters will be at solar minimum?"

    (Often in the past, N0JK used a shortened CB antenna, commonly used
    during the CB craze in the 1970s, on the back of his car for 10
    meters while parked in his driveway in Lawrence, Kansas, so a full
    quarter wave at 8 feet, 3 inches is quite an improvement).

    "10 meters was so much better Sunday. It was a flashback to how 10
    was in the 2016 ARRL DX CW when the solar flux was around 100. I set
    up, turned on the radio and 100 watt PY2NY was blasting in on 28.034
    MHz.

    "CE, CX and PY were strong for hours. Caribbean and Central American
    contest stations were up and down the band. Not bad for a solar flux
    of just 77.

    "Worked PJ7AAA at 1856z who was running just a 'K3 and Buddipole.'
    XR2K in the log with one call at 1940z. Picked up the KH6LC multi-op
    at 1955z for Hawaii on what sounded like side-scatter. They were
    about 559, but hearing well. KH6LC said in their 3830 post, 'We
    watched 10 meters all weekend which paid off Sunday morning when it
    opened for us at 1715z.'

    "KH6LC made 488 North American contacts on 10.

    "10 meters folded for me around 2200z. I dropped down to 15 and gave
    a very loud KH6LC (op Fred K6IJ) a contact and then A31MM. Fred,
    K6IJ made 1690 contest contacts from KH6LC on 15 meters. The solar
    flux was the same, 77 on both Saturday and Sunday. Why was 10 so
    much better on Sunday?"

    (Note: Solar flux was rising at 74.4, 76.6, 78.1 and 80.1 on Friday
    through Monday).

    "Feb 19 7:11 PM

    "Addition - TI8/AA8HH observed, 'Tough going on Saturday on 10
    meters but Sunday was better.'

    "Feb. 22 E51DWC and VP6EU Pitcairn worked many in North America on
    10 meters.

    "Feb. 23 I heard VP6EU with a good signal on 10 meter SSB with a
    large pileup. I could not get through so.

    "Dropped down to 12 Meters, and VP6EU was on 24.895 MHz CW in the
    clear CQing, and in the log with one call at 2139z. Also worked TX5T
    Australs on 24.897 MHz. Solar flux of 83, K of 3.

    "VP6EU tried 6 Meters Feb. 22 at 2005z, but I am unaware of any
    contacts. A G-1 geomagnetic storm may occur Feb 23/24, if the
    geomagnetic field gets active.

    "73 -- Jon N0JK"

    According to the ARRL DX Bulletin, the CQ World Wide 160-Meter SSB
    Contest is this weekend. Check http://www.cq160.com/rules.htm for
    rules.

    If you would like to make a comment or have a tip for our readers,
    email the author at k7ra@arrl.net.

    For more information concerning radio propagation, see the ARRL
    Technical Information Service web page at, http://arrl.org/propagation-of-rf-signals. For an explanation of
    numbers used in this bulletin, see http://arrl.org/the-sun-the-earth-the-ionosphere.

    An archive of past propagation bulletins is at http://arrl.org/w1aw-bulletins-archive-propagation. More good
    information and tutorials on propagation are at http://k9la.us/.

    Monthly propagation charts between four USA regions and twelve
    overseas locations are at http://arrl.org/propagation. Instructions
    for starting or ending email distribution of ARRL bulletins are at http://arrl.org/bulletins.

    Sunspot numbers for February 16 through 22, 2017 were 23, 14, 13,
    23, 25, 19, and 17, with a mean of 19.1. 10.7 cm flux was 74, 74.6,
    76.6, 78.1, 80.7, 82.5, and 83.2, with a mean of 78.5. Estimated
    planetary A indices were 9, 20, 16, 10, 10, 4, and 10, with a mean
    of 11.3. Estimated mid-latitude A indices were 7, 16, 11, 9, 8, 4,
    and 8, with a mean of 9.
    NNNN
    /EX


    Posted by VPost v1.7.081019
  • From Daryl Stout@HURRICAN/THUNDER to All on Sat Mar 4 11:21:00 2017
    SB PROP @ ARL $ARLP009
    ARLP009 Propagation de K7RA

    ZCZC AP09
    QST de W1AW
    Propagation Forecast Bulletin 9 ARLP009
    From Tad Cook, K7RA
    Seattle, WA March 3, 2017
    To all radio amateurs

    SB PROP ARL ARLP009
    ARLP009 Propagation de K7RA

    On March 2 at 2353 UTC the Australian Space Forecast Centre issued a geomagnetic disturbance warning for March 3:

    "The Earth is currently under the influence of a high speed solar
    wind stream from a recurrent coronal hole. On 3 March geomagnetic
    activity is expected to reach active levels. Isolated minor storm
    periods are also possible."

    This reporting week (February 23 through March 1, 2017) sunspot and
    solar flux averages rose while geomagnetic indices remained about
    the same, compared to the previous seven days. Average daily sunspot
    numbers increased from 19.1 to 34.1, and average daily solar flux
    went from 78.5 to 81.3.

    Average planetary A index barely changed from 11.3 to 13.1, and
    average mid-latitude A index (measured in Virginia) went from 9 to
    8.7. The numbers went in opposite directions, but were each barely
    changed.

    Predicted solar flux is 79 on March 3, 78 on March 4-5, 77 on March
    6-7, 76 on March 8, 75 on March 9-14, then 74, 75, 77, 79, and 80 on
    March 15-19, 82 on March 20-23, 80 on March 24-25, 79 on March 26,
    77 on March 27-28, 79 on March 29-31, 75 on April 1, 72 on April
    2-3, 73 and 74 on April 4-5, 75 on April 6-10, and 74, 75 and 77 on
    April 11-13.

    Predicted planetary A index is 22, 14, 10 and 8 on March 3-6, 5 on
    March 7-8, 8 on March 9, 5 on March 10-14 then 10, 20, 15, 10 and 8
    on March 15-19, then 5, 8, 10, 15, and 8 on March 20-24, 5 on March
    25-26, then 12, 25, 20, 15 and 8 on March 27-31, 5 on April 1-10,
    and 10, 20, 15 and 10 on April 11-14.

    F.K. Janda, OK1HH sent this forecast:

    "Geomagnetic activity forecast for the period March 3-28, 2017

    "Geomagnetic field will be:
    Quiet on March 8-9, 12, 14, 26
    Mostly quiet on March 10-11, 13, 15, 25
    Quiet to unsettled March 7, 20-22, 24
    Quiet to active on March 3-4, 6, 16, 18-19, 23, 27
    Active to disturbed on March 5, 17, 28

    "Amplifications of the solar wind from coronal holes are expected on
    March 3-5, (6-8, 20-22,) 23-26.

    "Remark: - Parenthesis means lower probability of activity
    enhancement and/or lower reliability of prediction."

    We've been tracking a 3-month moving average of sunspot numbers for
    several years now. The peak was centered on February and March 2014,
    when the 3-month averages were 146.4 and 148.2. The average centered
    on the end of 2014 was 107.8, and a year later was 55.4. At the end
    of last year the average was 21, and the average centered on January
    2017 was 20.6. The cycle will probably reach minimum in 2020.

    Jon Jones, N0JK of Eastern Kansas sent this 10 meter update:

    "The G2 class geomagnetic storm may have helped north - south paths.
    The TX5T Austral Islands DXpedition was loud on 28.027 MHz and in my
    log with one call at 2045z March 2. This on my mobile station. I saw
    aurora contacts spotted on 6 meters March 1 such as N8JX EN64 to
    K9MU EN44 at 2038z."

    "Good conditions continued on 10 meters this week. 10 open to
    Pacific" - N4EK March 2, 2118z.

    Dr. Tamitha Skov issued this solar storm forecast video on February
    23:

    http://bit.ly/2mNFO5g

    This weekend is the ARRL International DX SSB Contest. See http://www.arrl.org/arrl-dx for details.

    If you would like to make a comment or have a tip for our readers,
    email the author at k7ra@arrl.net.

    For more information concerning radio propagation, see the ARRL
    Technical Information Service web page at, http://arrl.org/propagation-of-rf-signals. For an explanation of
    numbers used in this bulletin, see http://arrl.org/the-sun-the-earth-the-ionosphere.

    An archive of past propagation bulletins is at http://arrl.org/w1aw-bulletins-archive-propagation. More good
    information and tutorials on propagation are at http://k9la.us/.

    Monthly propagation charts between four USA regions and twelve
    overseas locations are at http://arrl.org/propagation. Instructions
    for starting or ending email distribution of ARRL bulletins are at http://arrl.org/bulletins.

    Sunspot numbers for February 23 through March 1, 2017 were 18, 27,
    25, 35, 40, 39, and 55, with a mean of 34.1. 10.7 cm flux was 83.3,
    82.1, 80, 79, 82.2, 81.6, and 80.8, with a mean of 81.3. Estimated
    planetary A indices were 11, 20, 7, 2, 8, 8, and 36, with a mean of
    13.1. Estimated mid-latitude A indices were 8, 15, 6, 0, 6, 5, and
    21, with a mean of 8.7.
    NNNN
    /EX


    Posted by VPost v1.7.081019
  • From Daryl Stout@HURRICAN/THUNDER to All on Fri Mar 10 15:52:00 2017
    SB PROP @ ARL $ARLP010
    ARLP010 Propagation de K7RA

    ZCZC AP10
    QST de W1AW
    Propagation Forecast Bulletin 10 ARLP010
    From Tad Cook, K7RA
    Seattle, WA March 10, 2017
    To all radio amateurs

    SB PROP ARL ARLP010
    ARLP010 Propagation de K7RA

    Over four days last week, we saw a blank Sun, starting with March 4.
    On March 5 the sunspot number was 11 (indicating a single sunspot),
    then on March 6-8 the Sun was blank again. Thus we saw an average
    daily sunspot number of just 14.1, a 20-point drop from the previous
    seven days.

    Yesterday (Thursday) still no sunspots (our reporting week for
    calculating averages runs Thursday through Wednesday, so the zero
    sunspot number for Thursday will be included in the average for the
    March 17 Propagation Forecast Bulletin).

    Average daily solar flux decreased by seven points from 81.3 to
    74.3.

    Geomagnetic indicators increased, with average planetary A index
    rising from 13.1 to 20.9, and mid-latitude A index went from 8.7 to
    15.

    Predicted solar flux is 71 on March 10-12, 73 on March 13-16, 76 on
    March 17, 78 on March 18-23, 76 on March 24, 75 on March 25-29, 73
    on March 30 through April 5, 72 on April 6-7, 74 on April 8-12, 76
    on April 13, and 78 on April 14-19.

    The planetary A index outlook shows 10 on March 10-11, 8 on March
    12-15, then 20, 15, 10 and 8 on March 16-19, then 5, 8, 10, 15 and 8
    on March 20-24, 5 on March 25-26, then 12, 35, 30, 20, 18, 12 and 8
    on March 27 through April 2, 5 on April 3-4, 8 on April 5-6, 5 on
    April 7-10, then 10, 20, 15, 10 and 8 on April 11-15, and 5, 8, 10,
    15 and 8 on April 16-20.

    Geomagnetic activity forecast for the period March 10-April 5, 2017
    from F.K. Janda, OK1HH of the Czech Propagation Interest Group.

    "Geomagnetic field will be:
    Quiet on March 14-15, 21, 26
    Mostly quiet on March 10-13, 20
    Quiet to unsettled March 16, 22, 25, April 4
    Quiet to active on March 18-19, 24, 27-29, 31, April 1-3, 5
    Active to disturbed on March 17, 23, 30

    Amplifications of the solar wind from coronal holes are expected on
    March (20-22,) 23-27, (April 3-8)

    - Parenthesis means lower probability of activity enhancement and/or
    lower reliability of prediction."

    Jon Jones, N0JK sent a tip about a 10-meter opening last weekend
    from 1809-1839 UTC:

    "There was an unusual 10 meter opening in the ARRL DX SSB contest
    last weekend between Bermuda and W1, W2, W3 and W4 early Sunday
    afternoon. Kurt, VP9/W6PH, was in Bermuda at VP9GE's station for the
    contest."

    "Kurt related, 'I decided to listen to the beacons on 10 Meters and
    heard one in FN32. I decided to try a CQ on 28.401 MHz, Lo and
    behold; a very loud K3OO came back to me and said he saw the blip on
    his panadapter. He said he would spot me and that started the ball
    rolling.'

    "Kurt then made over 400 contacts on 10 Meter SSB with strong
    signals. The distance, high signal strength and time of day suggest
    the propagation was one hop sporadic-E. Kurt noted no contacts to
    the west coast of North America on 10, which would have been
    F-layer. Sporadic-E occurs in March, though it is rare. The month of
    March has the lowest amount of sporadic-E propagation of any month
    in North America. The 10 meter sporadic-E opening was an unexpected
    treat for Kurt and significantly helped his score."

    Jon sent a map from DXmaps.com showing the impressive opening from
    1809-1839 UTC on March 5. It showed a tangle of contacts from North
    America to Caribbean, but I redid it on the DXmaps.com web site
    specifying a World Map, and it showed contacts all the way down to
    54 degrees south latitude, around the southern tip of South America.
    Try it out yourself.

    David Moore sent a photo taken in Norway of an aurora that was gone
    in about ten seconds!

    See it on the web at,

    http://earthsky.org/todays-image/green-aurora-norway-2017-photo?

    W9WS sent this article about an experiment regarding space weather
    on the International Space Station. I'm pretty sure that the Steven
    Powell mentioned in this article is N2BU:

    http://bit.ly/2nmFQQU

    Stan Tacker, N5OHM wrote:

    "Always appreciate your info. Yes 10m has been opening up from NA
    to SA. Window is usually short, but when it is open, it's
    gangbusters. Reminds me of the days when guys ran scanners
    monitoring 10m repeaters to hear the band open up."

    If you would like to make a comment or have a tip for our readers,
    email the author at k7ra@arrl.net.

    For more information concerning radio propagation, see the ARRL
    Technical Information Service web page at, http://arrl.org/propagation-of-rf-signals. For an explanation of
    numbers used in this bulletin, see http://arrl.org/the-sun-the-earth-the-ionosphere.

    An archive of past propagation bulletins is at http://arrl.org/w1aw-bulletins-archive-propagation. More good
    information and tutorials on propagation are at http://k9la.us/.

    Monthly propagation charts between four USA regions and twelve
    overseas locations are at http://arrl.org/propagation. Instructions
    for starting or ending email distribution of ARRL bulletins are at http://arrl.org/bulletins.

    Sunspot numbers for March 2 through 8, 2017 were 52, 36, 0, 11, 0,
    0, and 0, with a mean of only 14.1. 10.7 cm flux was 79.1, 78, 75.2,
    72.8, 72.4, 71.7, and 70.6, with a mean of 74.3. Estimated planetary
    A indices were 32, 22, 22, 17, 25, 16, and 12, with a mean of 20.9.
    Estimated mid-latitude A indices were 23, 15, 18, 11, 16, 13, and 9,
    with a mean of 15.
    NNNN
    /EX


    Posted by VPost v1.7.081019
  • From Daryl Stout@HURRICAN/THUNDER to All on Fri Mar 17 17:08:00 2017
    SB PROP @ ARL $ARLP011
    ARLP011 Propagation de K7RA

    ZCZC AP11
    QST de W1AW
    Propagation Forecast Bulletin 11 ARLP011
    From Tad Cook, K7RA
    Seattle, WA March 17, 2017
    To all radio amateurs

    SB PROP ARL ARLP011
    ARLP011 Propagation de K7RA

    There haven't been any sunspots since March 3, other than March 5,
    when one sunspot appeared for only one day. Also, solar flux values
    have recently dipped below 70, for the first time since the other
    side of this solar cycle.

    Solar flux appears at 70 over the past week:

    ftp://ftp.swpc.noaa.gov/pub/indices/DSD.txt

    But this is an approximation. Resolved to 0.10, you can see that it
    is dipping lower:

    http://www.spaceweather.ca/solarflux/sx-5-flux-en.php

    You want to look at the Observed Flux column.

    Average daily sunspot number dropped from 14.1 to zero. Average
    daily solar flux went from 74.3 to 70.3.

    Average daily planetary A Index quieted from 20.9 to 8.1, while
    average mid-latitude A index went from 15 to 6.4.

    Predicted solar flux is 71 on March 17, 72 on March 18 to 20, 73 on
    March 21, 74 on March 22 and 23, 76 on March 24 and 25, 74 on March
    26 to 29, 72 on March 30 through April 3, and 70 on April 4 to 9.

    Predicted planetary A index is 10 and 8 on March 17 and 18, 5 on
    March 19 and 20, then 8, 10, 8 and 8 on March 21 to 24, 5 on March
    25 to 27, then 35, 30, 20, 18, 15, 20 and 15 on March 28 through
    April 3, 12 on April 4 and 5, 10 and 5 on April 6 and 7, then 8 on
    April 8 to 13, 12 and 10 on April 14 and 15, 5 on April 16 and 17,
    then 10, 15 and 8 on April 18 to 20, and 5 on April 21 to 23.

    F. K. Janda, OK1HH of the Czech Propagation Interest Group sent us
    this geomagnetic activity forecast for the period March 17 to April
    12, 2017.

    "Geomagnetic field will be:
    Quiet on March 26, April 6 and 7, 9 and 10
    Mostly quiet on March 21, April 5, 11
    Quiet to unsettled March 22, (27,) April 1 and 2, 4
    Quiet to active on March 17 to 20, (23 to 25,) 28, 31, April (8, 12)
    Active to disturbed on March 29 and 30, (April 3)

    Amplifications of the solar wind from coronal holes are expected on
    March (18 to 22,) 23 to 27, April (3 to 8,) 14 to ?

    Remark:
    - Parenthesis means lower probability of activity enhancement and/or
    lower reliability of prediction."

    Jon, N0JK wrote on March 16:

    "There was a 6 meter Es opening last Friday March 10.

    It was open from Florida to W1, W2, and W3 between 1600 and 1800z.

    The W3DOG/b was spotted in Florida.

    W3DOG/B 17/03/10 1717Z 50071.1 fm28<>el87 woof woof KD4ESV
    W3DOG/B 17/03/10 1625Z 50071.0 FM28 589 IN FL EL87 WX4G

    This is the second Es opening for the month of March, 2017."

    Later, he wrote: "Potential for aurora March 28 and 29."

    The National Science Foundation will abandon an historic solar
    observatory in October, but New Mexico State University with take
    charge and sustain it:

    http://bit.ly/2mxqFV0

    The vernal equinox is very close! The days and weeks before and
    after are always a good time for HF propagation, and it is on March
    20, this coming Monday.

    A study on sunspot number re-calibration:

    http://bit.ly/2ngm1yi

    Also, here is a piece on solar cycles suggesting that the next cycle
    may be larger than the current solar cycle:

    http://www.leif.org/research/Prediction-of-Solar-Cycles.pdf

    For more information concerning radio propagation, see the ARRL
    Technical Information Service at
    http://arrl.org/propagation-of-rf-signals. For an explanation of
    numbers used in this bulletin, see http://arrl.org/the-sun-the-earth-the-ionosphere.

    An archive of past propagation bulletins is at http://arrl.org/w1aw-bulletins-archive-propagation. More good
    information and tutorials on propagation are at http://k9la.us/.

    Monthly propagation charts between four USA regions and twelve
    overseas locations are at http://arrl.org/propagation.

    Instructions for starting or ending email distribution of ARRL
    bulletins are at http://arrl.org/bulletins.

    Sunspot numbers for March 9 through 15, 2017 were 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
    and 0, with a mean of 0. 10.7 cm flux was 71.2, 71, 70, 70.1, 70.3,
    69.6, and 69.8, with a mean of 70.3. Estimated planetary A indices
    were 15, 12, 6, 9, 3, 5, and 7, with a mean of 8.1. Estimated
    mid-latitude A indices were 10, 14, 4, 7, 2, 3, and 5, with a mean
    of 6.4.
    NNNN
    /EX


    Posted by VPost v1.7.081019
  • From Daryl Stout@HURRICAN/THUNDER to All on Fri Mar 31 17:26:00 2017
    SB PROP @ ARL $ARLP013
    ARLP013 Propagation de K7RA

    ZCZC AP13
    QST de W1AW
    Propagation Forecast Bulletin 13 ARLP013
    From Tad Cook, K7RA
    Seattle, WA March 31, 2017
    To all radio amateurs

    SB PROP ARL ARLP013
    ARLP013 Propagation de K7RA

    Solar activity rose over the past week, with average daily sunspot
    numbers rising from 3.4 to 29.7 and solar flux from 71.2 to 77.9.

    Average daily planetary A index increased from 10 to 18.3, and
    average mid-latitude A index went from 7.1 to 13.6.

    Predicted solar flux is 86, 87 and 88 on March 31 til April 2, then
    86, 84, 83 and 82 on April 3 to 6, 71 on April 7 to 14, 73 on April
    15 to 17, 75 on April 18 to 22, 78 on April 23 to 26, 75 on April 27
    to 29, 73 on April 30 to May 1 and 71 on May 2 to 11.

    Predicted planetary A index is 20 on March 31 through April 2, 15 on
    April 3 and 4, 12 on April 5 and 6, 5 on April 7 to 16, then 24, 25
    and 10 on April 17 to 19, 5 on April 20 to 22, then 25, 40, 35, 20,
    18 and 12 on April 23 to 28, and 8, 16, 12, 15 and 12 on April 29
    through May 3, followed by 5 on May 4 to 13 and 24 on May 14.

    F.K. Janda, OK1HH sent us his geomagnetic activity forecast for the
    period March 31 to April 25, 2017.

    "Geomagnetic field will be:
    quiet on April 9 and 10, 14 to 16, 20 to 22
    mostly quiet on April 6, 8, 11
    quiet to unsettled April 4, 12 and 13, 19
    quiet to active on April 3, 5, 7, 23, 25
    active to disturbed on March 31, April 1 and 2, 17 and 18, 24

    Amplifications of the solar wind from coronal holes are expected on
    March 31, April 1 to 4, (5 to 8,) 12 and 13, (14,) 16 to 20, 25.

    Remark:
    - Parenthesis means lower probability of activity
    enhancement and/or lower reliability of prediction."

    Tamitha Skov released a space weather video last week:

    http://bit.ly/2obVYcb

    Jon Jones, N0JK reported: "Aurora contacts reported on 6 meters
    March 27 along the northern tier states and Canada. This was due to
    a G2 geomagnetic storm from coronal wind stream."

    Scott Bidstrup, TI3/W7RI sent this from Costa Rica:

    "Don't know if you've seen this, but a magnetic precursor event to
    solar flares has been discovered, that may actually lead to
    short-term warnings before a flare occurs.

    https://phys.org/news/2017-03-igniting-solar-flare-corona- lower-atmosphere.html

    (above URL all on one line)

    The six meter drought that everyone has been complaining about up
    there has been even worse for us down here in the single-digit
    latitudes. It's been at least six months since I've logged a six
    meter QSO. In the wake of coronal hole passages, there have been a
    couple of evenings recently with some very modest TEP openings from
    here into Brazil and Argentina, but with only a small handful of
    stations heard weakly and no new stations not already worked many
    times. There has been no sporadic E at all for many months - not
    even hearing the beacons from Venezuela and French Guiana that
    indicate our most common openings to the east. If there is supposed
    to be an inverse correlation between solar activity and sporadic E,
    like the textbooks claim, you could have sure fooled me.

    Not that there has been no sporadic E at all; indeed, there has been
    very frequent Sporadic E openings into South America on 10m in the
    daytime here, and even frequent evening TEP openings into South
    America on 10m as well. But the signals are about what we would
    normally expect on six meter openings rather than ten. MUFs from
    these events just aren't getting very far into the VHF.
    Conventional F2 openings on ten have become very rare now.

    Other propagation on the upper HF bands has been poor - the
    declining solar activity has taken a big toll here on the upper HF
    bands, with most band openings starting later in the morning than in
    the past, and ending earlier in the late afternoon - and signals not
    being particularly strong when the band is open. The only saving
    grace has been that our mid-day break has been shorter and weaker
    than at the solar maximum, so it's often possible to hear signals
    and even work them at midday on 20m, which has not been possible at
    higher sunspot numbers. MUF has gotten high enough to open 17m on
    most days, but often it doesn't quite make it to 15m. So when 15m
    is open, it's often the result of a weak sporadic E event or the
    aftermath of a coronal hole passage. During the last solar minimum,
    15m would be open most days, but so far during this one, it's been
    hit and miss at best. And the solar minimum is just getting a good
    start.

    30m has been the most reliable performer - almost always open into
    the States during the day and worldwide at night. Sadly, PSK
    activity seems to have declined on 30m, so I haven't worked as many
    stations with the ragchews I dearly love, just the spartan JT9
    contacts. Sure wish we had phone privileges on that band.

    40m has been seeing a huge increase in QSO activity with conditions
    on 20m declining. There are evenings now where finding an open spot
    can be a bit of a problem. Most of what I hear on phone here is the
    States, but I am seeing a lot of eastern European DX on PSK, and my
    good friend, Michael, TI7XP, has worked some pretty good DX on 40m
    CW in recent days, including Kuwait and several stations in the Far
    East, and a lot of VK/ZL. The DX here is definitely improving on
    40m.

    60m is still not available here, and all of us here are holding our
    breath, waiting for a response from the FCC on the League's petition
    for rulemaking, allowing 100w. activity up there on the new WARC 60m
    band. If it happens for the States, it would be terrific news for
    us - another piece of terrific ammunition in our fight to get access
    to 60m here. There are still no Central American countries that
    allow access to 60m yet. And I can't see a good reason why not -
    there is almost no local commercial or government activity in that
    portion of the spectrum here.

    80m is seeing an improvement, especially in DX as the solar activity
    declines. My good friend in Panama, Jay, HP3AK, is working Japan on
    most morning greylines, and often getting quite good reports. VK/ZL
    is being worked more frequently, too - often several times per week.
    And nighttime Old World DX is more frequently heard now than it was
    just a year ago. Several of my local friends report working Europe
    with fairly modest 80m installations. Signal levels from the
    States' 75m evening ragchews have been noticeably stronger than in
    the past, too. Nighttime D-layer hasn't responded as much to the
    rising cosmic ray flux as I would have expected by now.

    Noise levels on 160m have been low enough this winter that some of
    the locals are getting more interested in top band. TI7XP has a new
    skywire loop up for that band, and has worked some good DX on it.
    But the summer noise season is just about here, and I don't expect
    the interest will last long.

    And finally, I am pleased to report that I have copied four
    experimental beacons on 630m from the States, and have sent the
    corresponding WSPR decodes to the operators, who were delighted for
    the reports from here. Most nights, when noise levels aren't
    particularly high, I can hear at least one or two, with just a G5RV
    at 50 feet and an ordinary IC7200 tuned to the appropriate
    frequency. Enough success to demonstrate that QSOs with Central
    America from the States should be possible with modest stations on
    that band. Not much hope for 630m access here though, at least
    until it has become a major band in the States like it now is in
    Europe, so we can justify access to it here. I have checked the
    2190 band, but so far, I haven't copied anything yet."

    For more information concerning radio propagation, see the ARRL
    Technical Information Service at
    http://arrl.org/propagation-of-rf-signals. For an explanation of
    numbers used in this bulletin, see http://arrl.org/the-sun-the-earth-the-ionosphere.

    An archive of past propagation bulletins is at http://arrl.org/w1aw-bulletins-archive-propagation. More good
    information and tutorials on propagation are at http://k9la.us/.

    Monthly propagation charts between four USA regions and twelve
    overseas locations are at http://arrl.org/propagation.

    Instructions for starting or ending email distribution of ARRL
    bulletins are at http://arrl.org/bulletins.

    Sunspot numbers for March 23 through 29, 2017 were 12, 12, 11, 20,
    49, 51, and 53, with a mean of 29.7. 10.7 cm flux was 72, 72.3, 74,
    77.2, 82.8, 83.7, and 83.3, with a mean of 77.9. Estimated
    planetary A indices were 11, 6, 4, 4, 54, 28, and 21, with a mean of
    18.3. Estimated mid-latitude A indices were 9, 7, 3, 3, 34, 22, and
    17, with a mean of 13.6.
    NNNN
    /EX


    Posted by VPost v1.7.081019
  • From Daryl Stout@HURRICAN/THUNDER to All on Fri Apr 7 09:42:00 2017
    SB PROP @ ARL $ARLP014
    ARLP014 Propagation de K7RA

    ZCZC AP14
    QST de W1AW
    Propagation Forecast Bulletin 14 ARLP014
    From Tad Cook, K7RA
    Seattle, WA April 7, 2017
    To all radio amateurs

    SB PROP ARL ARLP014
    ARLP014 Propagation de K7RA

    Sunspot numbers and solar flux made a strong comeback over the past
    week, March 30 to April 5.

    Average daily solar flux was 96.5 (compared to 77.9 the previous
    seven days, and 71.2 over the week before that, March 16-22).

    Average daily sunspot number progressed from 3.4 to 29.7 to 65.9
    over the same three weeks.

    The latest daily forecast for Planetary A index and solar flux from
    NOAA and USAF (updated daily at
    ftp://ftp.swpc.noaa.gov/pub/forecasts/45DF/ ) shows solar flux at 76
    on April 7, 70 April 8-13, 75 on April 14, 78 on April 15-16, 85 on
    April 17-19, 72 on April 20-23, 88 on April 24-27, 85 on April
    28-29, 105 on April 30, then 100, 97, 92, 85, and 80 on May 1-5, 75
    on May 6-7, 78 on May 8-9, 75 on May 10-11, 78 on May 12-13, 85 on
    May 14-16, and 92 on May 17-20.

    The same forecast, but for planetary A index, shows 8 on April 7-8,
    then 5, 8, and 10 April 9-11, 8 on April 12-13, 5 on April 14-16,
    then 20, 18 and 10 on April 17-19, 5 on April 20-22, then 55, 28,
    20, 22, and 28 on April 23-27, then 15, 10, 8, 7 and 6 on April 28
    through May 2, 5 on May 3-13, 20, 18, and 10 on May 14-16, 5 from
    May 17-19, then 55 and 28 on May 20-21.

    The site http://bit.ly/2o5Ts6g shows a nice image from a few days
    back of sunspot AR2644 and 2645. Also check http://bit.ly/2nNpeCC .

    F.K. Janda, OK1HH sent us this geomagnetic activity forecast for the
    period April 7-May 2, 2017.

    "Geomagnetic field will be:
    Quiet on April 9-10, 14-16, 20, 30
    Mostly quiet on April 8, 11, 19, 21, 29, May 2
    Quiet to unsettled April 12-13, May 1
    Quiet to active on April 7, 22, 24-28
    Active to disturbed on April 17-18, 23

    "Amplifications of the solar wind from coronal holes are expected on
    April (7-8,) 11-13. (15,) 16-19, 24-27

    "Remark: - Parenthesis means lower probability of activity
    enhancement and/or lower reliability of prediction."

    Thanks to David Moore (long time contributor to this bulletin) for
    this, on fast magnetic reconnection:

    http://bit.ly/2nkGwe8

    Max White, a British ham, sent this:

    https://go.nasa.gov/2nqXBiy

    If you would like to make a comment or have a tip for our readers,
    email the author at k7ra@arrl.net.

    For more information concerning radio propagation, see the ARRL
    Technical Information Service web page at, http://arrl.org/propagation-of-rf-signals. For an explanation of
    numbers used in this bulletin, see http://arrl.org/the-sun-the-earth-the-ionosphere.

    An archive of past propagation bulletins is at http://arrl.org/w1aw-bulletins-archive-propagation. More good
    information and tutorials on propagation are at http://k9la.us/.

    Monthly propagation charts between four USA regions and twelve
    overseas locations are at http://arrl.org/propagation.

    Instructions for starting or ending email distribution of ARRL
    bulletins are at http://arrl.org/bulletins.

    Sunspot numbers for March 30 through April 5, 2017 were 33, 65, 79,
    75, 97, 75, and 37, with a mean of 65.9. 10.7 cm flux was 85.9,
    90.6, 101, 112, 107.9, 93.8, and 84.6, with a mean of 96.5.
    Estimated planetary A indices were 23, 28, 16, 8, 4, 20, and 10,
    with a mean of 15.6. Estimated mid-latitude A indices were 18, 21,
    15, 6, 4, 17, and 10, with a mean of 13.
    NNNN
    /EX


    Posted by VPost v1.7.081019
  • From Daryl Stout@HURRICAN/THUNDER to All on Sun Apr 16 15:24:00 2017
    SB PROP @ ARL $ARLP015
    ARLP015 Propagation de K7RA

    ZCZC AP15
    QST de W1AW
    Propagation Forecast Bulletin 15 ARLP015
    From Tad Cook, K7RA
    Seattle, WA April 14, 2017
    To all radio amateurs

    SB PROP ARL ARLP015
    ARLP015 Propagation de K7RA

    Solar indicators, both sunspot numbers and solar flux, both dropped
    this week, in fact on April 8 there were no sunspots. Average daily
    sunspot numbers declined from 65.9 to 16.6, and average daily solar
    flux went from 96.5 to 73.8, compared to the previous seven days, .

    Average daily planetary A index went from 15.6 to 10.6, and average
    daily mid-latitude A index declined from 13 to 9.3.

    Predicted solar flux shows 75 on April 14-15, 85 on April 16-17, 80
    on April 18, 95 on April 19-21, 92 on April 22-23, 90 on April
    24-29, 80 on April 30, 78 on May 1-2, 72 on May 3-4, 75 on May 5-6,
    72 on May 7-12, 75 and 85 on May 13-14, 88 on May 15-16, 95 on May
    17-18, 92 on May 19-20, and 90 on May 21-26.

    Predicted planetary A index is 8, 10 and 8 on April 14-16, 25 on
    April 17-18, 12 and 8 on April 19-20, 5 on April 21-22, then 55, 28,
    20 and 22 on April 23-26, then 28, 15, 8 and 5 on April 27-30, then
    20, 10, 8 and 10 on May 1-4, 15 on May 5-6, 12 on May 7, 8 on May
    8-10, 5 on May 11-13, then 20, 18 and 10 on May 14-16, 5 on May
    17-19, then 55, 28, 20, 22, 28, 15 and 8 on May 20-26.

    F.K. Janda, OK1HH sent us his geomagnetic activity forecast for the
    period April 14 to May 9, 2017.

    "Geomagnetic field will be:
    Quiet on April 16, 20-22, 30, May 5, 9-10
    Mostly quiet on April 14-15, 21, May 3-4, 6
    Quiet to unsettled April 19, 29, May 1, 2, 7, 8
    Quiet to active on April 23, 25-28
    Active to disturbed on April 17-18, 24

    "Amplifications of the solar wind from coronal holes are expected on
    April (15,) 16-19, 24-27

    "Remark: - Parenthesis means lower probability of activity
    enhancement and/or lower reliability of prediction."

    Doctor Tamitha Skov's latest video concerning space weather can be
    found at:

    http://bit.ly/2pwQIwu

    Bil Paul (I think he must be KD6GUI) wrote on April 7:

    "The high solar flux number for Wednesday, April 5 (around 95)
    didn't seem to translate into good propagation. I was out in my
    kayak trying to qualify an island in Northern California for U.S.
    Islands on the Air, running my usual 10w into an end-fed half-wave
    wire vertical (won't even get into how I can set that up while
    operating from kayak!).

    "As usual, started operating on 17m SSB. One contact told me I was
    the only signal he was hearing on the entire band. Only obtained 3
    contacts on 17 (SSB/CW), then went down and tried 20m. I could hear
    Europe and South America coming in on SSB, but from my little pistol
    setup, I only found 3 more contacts before I rolled up the rug and
    went QRT.

    "But it's encouraging that the SF is often predicted to be running
    considerably higher for the next 30 days or so.

    "I don't know if you read CQ magazine, but I have an article in the
    April issue about a 91-year old ham/navy vet in PA who intercepted
    Japanese code transmissions in Alaska during WWII."

    If you would like to make a comment or have a tip for our readers,
    email the author at k7ra@arrl.net.

    For more information concerning radio propagation, see the ARRL
    Technical Information Service web page at, http://arrl.org/propagation-of-rf-signals. For an explanation of
    numbers used in this bulletin, see http://arrl.org/the-sun-the-earth-the-ionosphere.

    An archive of past propagation bulletins is at http://arrl.org/w1aw-bulletins-archive-propagation. More good
    information and tutorials on propagation are at http://k9la.us/.

    Monthly propagation charts between four USA regions and twelve
    overseas locations are at http://arrl.org/propagation.

    Instructions for starting or ending email distribution of ARRL
    bulletins are at http://arrl.org/bulletins.

    Sunspot numbers for April 6 through 12, 2017 were 38, 27, 0, 13, 13,
    12, and 13, with a mean of 16.6. 10.7 cm flux was 75.7, 73.9, 73.1,
    74.4, 73.6, 74.6, and 71.4, with a mean of 73.8. Estimated planetary
    A indices were 7, 10, 16, 18, 5, 12, and 6, with a mean of 10.6.
    Estimated mid-latitude A indices were 5, 9, 14, 16, 5, 10, and 6,
    with a mean of 9.3.
    NNNN
    /EX


    Posted by VPost v1.7.081019
  • From Daryl Stout@HURRICAN/THUNDER to All on Fri Apr 21 16:33:00 2017
    SB PROP @ ARL $ARLP016
    ARLP016 Propagation de K7RA

    ZCZC AP16
    QST de W1AW
    Propagation Forecast Bulletin 16 ARLP016
    From Tad Cook, K7RA
    Seattle, WA April 21, 2017
    To all radio amateurs

    SB PROP ARL ARLP016
    ARLP016 Propagation de K7RA

    This just in from the Australian Space Forecast Centre at 2349 UTC
    on April 20, 2017:

    Recurrent coronal hole is expected to be geoeffective.

    INCREASED GEOMAGNETIC ACTIVITY EXPECTED DUE TO CORONAL HOLE HIGH
    SPEED WIND STREAM FOR 23 APRIL 2017

    GEOMAGNETIC ACTIVITY FORECAST 23 Apr: Active to Minor Storm

    Spaceweather.com reported old sunspot AR2644 returned after a 2-week
    trip around the Sun, and exploded on April 18. The resulting CME
    should miss Earth, but as this active region moves into a
    geo-effective position we could see some geomagnetic disturbance in
    the next few days.

    Average daily sunspot numbers declined from 16.6 last week to 8.6 in
    this reporting week, April 13-19. Average daily solar flux increased
    from 73.8 to 76.5.

    Geomagnetic indicators were lower this week. Average planetary A
    index declined from 10.6 to 8, while average mid-latitude A index
    was 6.3, down from 9.3 the previous seven days.

    Predicted solar flux is 85 on April 21-27, 80 on April 28 to May 1,
    75 on May 2-13, 83 and 88 on May 14-15, 90 on May 16-18, 85 on May
    19-24, 80 on May 25-28, and 75 on May 29 through June 4.

    Predicted planetary A index is 12, 8, 40 and 30 on April 21-24, 20
    on April 25-27, then 15, 10, 5 and 20 on April 28 through May 1, 10
    on May 2-4, 15 on May 5-6, then 5 and 8 on May 7-8, 5 on May 9-13,
    20 on May 14, 15 on May 15-16, 10 on May 17, 5 on May 18-19, then
    35, 25, 18, 20 and 25 on May 20-24, then 12, 8, 5 and 18 on May
    25-28, and 10 on May 29 through June 4.

    Franz K. Janda, OK1HH of the Czech Propagation Interest Group sent
    us his geomagnetic activity forecast for the period April 21-May 17,
    2017. 2017 marks the 40th year Franz has been writing these
    bulletins.

    "Geomagnetic field will be:
    Quiet on April 22, 30, May 13
    Mostly quiet on April 29, May 8
    Quiet to unsettled April 21, May 3, 7, 10-12, 14-15
    Quiet to active on April 24-25, 27-28, May 1-2, 4-5, 8, 16
    Active to disturbed on April 23, 26, May 6, 17

    "Increasing solar wind from coronal holes are expected on April
    (21-22,) 23-28, May (1-4,) 7-8, (9-11,) and 18-19.

    "Remark: - Parenthesis means lower probability of activity
    enhancement and/or lower reliability of prediction."

    And from another Czech resource, a near term geo-forecast from
    Thomas Bayer of the Budkov Observatory:

    "Geomagnetic activity forecast for the period April 21-April 27,
    2017:

    "Quiet: Apr 21-22
    Unsettled: Apr 22-23, 25-27
    Active: Apr 23-25
    Minor storm: possible Apr 23-24
    Major storm: 0
    Severe storm: 0

    "Geomagnetic activity summary:

    "Until the nearest Saturday, April 22, we expect quiet to unsettled
    conditions. Between Sunday, April 23, and Monday, April 24, we
    expect active episode arrival caused by present equatorial coronal
    hole. During these two days, storming effect is possible.

    "The following days, we expect at most unsettled conditions only with
    isolated active episodes. The last day of the forecast period, we
    expect geomagnetic activity decrease to quiet to unsettled level.

    "Tomas Bayer RWC Prague Institute of Geophysics of the ASCR, Prague
    Department of Geomagnetism Budkov observatory (BDV)."

    According to this, we are due for more low solar activity, but there
    is a chance of C-class and M-class flares:

    http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewsr.html?pid=50058

    Also from Spaceref, tomorrow a March for Science in Washington, DC:

    http://spaceref.com/calendar/calendar.html?pid=9388

    If you would like to make a comment or have a tip for our readers,
    email the author at k7ra@arrl.net.

    For more information concerning radio propagation, see the ARRL
    Technical Information Service web page at, http://arrl.org/propagation-of-rf-signals. For an explanation of
    numbers used in this bulletin, see http://arrl.org/the-sun-the-earth-the-ionosphere.

    An archive of past propagation bulletins is at http://arrl.org/w1aw-bulletins-archive-propagation. More good
    information and tutorials on propagation are at http://k9la.us/.

    Monthly propagation charts between four USA regions and twelve
    overseas locations are at http://arrl.org/propagation.

    Instructions for starting or ending email distribution of ARRL
    bulletins are at http://arrl.org/bulletins.

    Sunspot numbers for April 13 through 19, 2017 were 12, 11, 11, 0, 0,
    12, and 14, with a mean of 8.6. 10.7 cm flux was 73.5, 72.9, 73,
    74.5, 75.2, 85.6, and 80.9, with a mean of 76.5. Estimated planetary
    A indices were 5, 14, 7, 4, 4, 7, and 15, with a mean of 8.
    Estimated mid-latitude A indices were 4, 10, 5, 4, 3, 6, and 12,
    with a mean of 6.3.
    NNNN
    /EX


    Posted by VPost v1.7.081019
  • From Daryl Stout@HURRICAN/TBOLT to All on Fri Nov 3 17:48:46 2017
    SB PROP @ ARL $ARLP044
    ARLP044 Propagation de K7RA

    ZCZC AP44
    QST de W1AW
    Propagation Forecast Bulletin 44 ARLP044
    From Tad Cook, K7RA
    Seattle, WA November 3, 2017
    To all radio amateurs

    SB PROP ARL ARLP044
    ARLP044 Propagation de K7RA

    Average daily sunspot number increased from 13.4 to 17.7 for the
    October 26 to November 1 period, compared to the previous seven
    days. The main reason for the difference was that the previous seven
    days started out with two days with no sunspots, and the latter
    period ended with one day of 0 sunspots, on November 1.

    Predicted solar flux is 74 on November 3-4, 73 on November 5-9, 71
    on November 10, 70 on November 11-13, 71 on November 14, 72 on
    November 15-16, 73 and 74 on November 17-18, 75 on November 19-28,
    72 on November 29-30, 70 on December 1-10, 71 on December 11, 72 on
    December 12-13, then 73 and 74 on December 14-15 and 75 on December
    16-17.

    Predicted planetary A index is 8 on November 3, 5 on November 4-5,
    then 8, 16, 25, 30, 28, 25 and 8 on November 6-12, then 5 on
    November 13-14, then 12, 10 and 8 on November 15-17, 5 on November
    18-19, then 20 on November 20-22, 5 on November 23-27, 8 on November
    28, 15 on November 29-30, then 10, 8, 5, 25 and 28 on December 1-5,
    then 35, 25, 20 and 8 on December 6-9, 5 on December 10-11, then 12,
    10 and 8 on December 12-14, then 5 on December 15-16 and 18 on
    December 17.

    Geomagnetic activity forecast for the period November 3-29, 2017
    from F.K. Janda, OK1HH:

    "Geomagnetic field will be:
    Quiet on November 4, 6, 12-13, 23-27
    Mostly quiet on November 3, 5, 16-19
    Quiet to unsettled on November 15, 20
    Quiet to active on November 7, 11, 14, 22
    Active to disturbed on November 8-10, (21)

    "Amplifications of the solar wind from coronal holes are expected
    November (3,) 9-14, 20-21

    "Remarks:
    - Parenthesis means lower probability of activity enhancement.
    - Current forecasts remain less reliable."

    Lately, it seems we cannot get enough of Hisako Koyama. Yet another
    story appeared this week at Syfy.com:

    http://bit.ly/2xT7WJj

    Don't miss the links at the end of the article showing detailed
    instructions for sketching sunspots.

    Dr. Tamitha Skov on October 31 on You Tube:

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jrUxUXTaL7A

    The CW portion of ARRL November Sweepstakes is this weekend. The
    complete package for this contest is here:

    http://bit.ly/2iopVkn

    Jon Jones, N0JK wrote:

    "Jeff, N8II's comments re 10 meter openings in the ARLP043
    Propagation bulletin inspired me to check 10 Meters in the CQ WW SSB
    contest last weekend.

    "Saturday afternoon October 28 was not good in KS, with only a few
    very weak LU and PYs coming through.

    "Sunday Oct. 29 was much better on 10 Meters.

    I set up fixed mobile with 100 W and a full size 1/4 wave whip at
    1905z on 10 meters in eastern Kansas on a hilltop. Nice sunny
    afternoon, temp 65 degrees. FM5BH went into the log at 1909z
    followed by a very loud HI3T at 1911z, then CU4DX on 28.325 MHz for
    the only European at 1912z. Over the next hour and half I logged
    around 40 more stations, a mixture of Caribbean, Central America and
    CE, CX, LU and PY. DX included FY5KE, PZ5K, OA4SS, HC2G and HP1XT.
    Some fairly short F2 with CO8RH at 1952z and Stan, K5GO at ZF9CW in
    the log at 2002z. Not bad for a solar flux of 75."

    If you would like to make a comment or have a tip for our readers,
    email the author at k7ra@arrl.net.

    For more information concerning radio propagation, see the ARRL
    Technical Information Service web page at, http://arrl.org/propagation-of-rf-signals. For an explanation of
    numbers used in this bulletin, see http://arrl.org/the-sun-the-earth-the-ionosphere.

    An archive of past propagation bulletins is at http://arrl.org/w1aw-bulletins-archive-propagation. More good
    information and tutorials on propagation are at http://k9la.us/.

    Monthly propagation charts between four USA regions and twelve
    overseas locations are at http://arrl.org/propagation.

    Instructions for starting or ending email distribution of ARRL
    bulletins are at http://arrl.org/bulletins.

    Sunspot numbers for October 26 through November 1, 2017 were 23, 23,
    22, 23, 22, 11, and 0, with a mean of 17.7. 10.7 cm flux was 77.3,
    76, 75.4, 75.3, 75.6, 75.4, and 72.6, with a mean of 75.4. Estimated
    planetary A indices were 20, 5, 6, 4, 3, 3, and 4, with a mean of
    6.4. Estimated mid-latitude A indices were 16, 4, 5, 3, 1, 2, and 2,
    with a mean of 4.7.
    NNNN
    /EX


    ---
    ■ Synchronet ■ The Thunderbolt BBS - wx1der.dyndns.org
  • From Daryl Stout@HURRICAN/TBOLT to All on Fri Nov 10 17:39:13 2017
    SB PROP @ ARL $ARLP045
    ARLP045 Propagation de K7RA

    ZCZC AP45
    QST de W1AW
    Propagation Forecast Bulletin 45 ARLP045
    From Tad Cook, K7RA
    Seattle, WA November 10, 2017
    To all radio amateurs

    SB PROP ARL ARLP045
    ARLP045 Propagation de K7RA

    No sunspots are visible so far in November, and as of November 9 we
    have seen nine days of blank Sun. But the past few days had strong
    geomagnetic activity, with planetary A index on November 7-9 at 36,
    47 and 20, and so far on early November 10, at 21. 28 is the
    predicted planetary A index for November 10.

    According to Spaceweather.com, 24% of 2017 so far (76 days) have
    seen 0 sunspots. In all of 2016 there were only 32 days (9%) with no
    sunspots. There were no periods in 2015 with any visible sunspot
    activity.

    Average daily sunspot number dropped from 17.7 last week to 0 this
    week, November 2-8. Average daily solar flux declined from 75.4 to
    70.8. Average daily planetary A index changed from 6.4 to 15.6, and
    average mid-latitude A index rose from 4.7 to 12.4.

    Predicted solar flux is 66 on November 10-11, 68 on November 12-13,
    70 on November 14-17, 75 on November 18-30, 72 on December 1, 71 on
    December 2-3, 70 on December 4-10, then 71, 72, 73, 73 and 74 on
    December 11-15, and 75 on December 16-24.

    Predicted planetary A index is 28, 24, 12, and 8 on November 10-13,
    then 5, 16, 12 and 10 on November 14-17, 5 on November 18-19, 20 on
    November 20-22, 5 on November 23-28, 10 on November 29-30, 5 on
    December 1-2, 10 and 27 on December 3-4, 30 on December 5-6, then
    28, 25 and 10 on December 7-9, 5 on December 10-11, 10 on December
    12-14, 5 on December 15-16, 20 on December 17-19, and 5 on December
    20-24.

    Geomagnetic activity forecast for the period November 10 to December
    6, 2017 from F.K. Janda, OK1HH of the Czech Propagation Interest
    Group, who has been compiling this geomagnetic activity weekly
    forecast since 1978.

    "Geomagnetic field will be:

    "Quiet on November 13-14, 19, 24-28, December 2-3
    Mostly quiet on November 18, December 1
    Quiet to unsettled on November 16, 20, 23, 29
    Quiet to active on November 12, 15, 17, 30, December 30, December 4, 6
    Active to disturbed on November 10-11, 21-22, December 5

    "Amplifications of the solar wind from coronal holes are expected on
    November 11-15, (16-19,), 20-24, (29-30,) and on December (1-5,)
    6-8.

    "Remarks:
    - Parenthesis means lower probability of activity enhancement.
    - Current forecasts remain less reliable."

    Also we got this from Tomas Bayer of the Department of Geomagnetism
    at Budkov observatory, also in the Czech Republic.

    "Geomagnetic activity summary:

    "At the Budkov observatory, we observed a minor storm event on
    November 7, peaking at 1842 UTC. After this event, the conditions
    are between unsettled to active and through November 10 we expect
    the same level. Further, we expect at most unsettled conditions till
    Sunday, November 12, and also probable unsettled event at the end of
    the forecast period, Thursday, November 16.

    "Between Monday, November 13, and Tuesday, November 15, we expect at
    most quiet conditions only with minor unsettled event."

    Hisako Koyama appears in the news again this week. Check out "Ms.
    Hisako Koyama: From Amateur Astronomer to Long-Term Solar Observer"
    at, http://bit.ly/2xXk24E .

    Check out this article about an unusual solar event:

    http://cnet.co/2mc7T9P

    Bruce Smith, AC4G of Taft, Tennessee wrote:

    "In April 2013, I was so excited to hear and make a QSO with VK9CZ, Cocos-Keeling on 80m CW as reported in the ARRL Propagation Report.
    The VK9CZ signal appeared all of a sudden out of nowhere with 579
    signals at my sunset 2343z via long path. Other stateside operators
    made the QSO including N4II who studied the technical aspects
    (science) and wrote a few articles on the path of the VK9CZ signal
    at grey line for April 2013.

    "Recently, in Nov 2017, 4 years and 7 months later, VK9CZ put on
    another DXpedition to Cocos-Keeling. To my surprise, I heard their
    signals once again pop out of nowhere on 80 CW at my sunset (from
    2235z until 2325z) early-November renewing my excitement. The
    signals long path (SE Beverage antenna) were surpassing 599. I could
    not pass another chance to say hello this year by giving the op on
    that side a 599 signal report. His sigs peaked via long path at 10
    dB over S9 at my Taft, TN QTH this year Nov 2017. Perhaps Fall long
    path sigs are better than April sigs? There were several stateside
    hams who made the 1 Nov logs on 80m. The online log only showed
    about 36 QSOs in NA who had made the logs according to the Clublog
    statistics that I was monitoring on 1 Nov.

    "On 5 Nov, I could barely hear the VK9CZ signals long path via SE
    Beverage antenna. Since then, a few other lucky operators logged an
    80m QSO via LP with VK9CZ for a total of 71 80m QSOs as late as 6
    Nov.

    "November 6 was one of their last operating periods closing out
    their operation with another long path opening. The VK9CZ signals
    peaked via LP about 539 on this day in Taft, TN. All other days not
    described above, there were no apparent signals being received at my
    location in southern Tennessee on 80m.

    "My observations revealed one great long path opening at my sunset
    and one mediocre opening, while the other long path openings were
    nil to barely readable. As it was in 2013, both VK9CZ and my QTH
    were in sunlight for both QSOs taking advantage of another sunrise
    enhancement.

    "I also monitored 160m on days no sigs were heard on 80m, but not a
    whisper from the VK9CZ 160m signals at my sunset on many days
    monitored or when 160m cluster spots indicated VK9CZ operations on
    160m.

    "By the time the readers read this, the DXpedition will have ended.
    Hopefully, the next few years may bring other surprises on 80m/160m
    for us all renewing the DX Spirit for all low band operators."

    If you would like to make a comment or have a tip for our readers,
    email the author at k7ra@arrl.net.

    For more information concerning radio propagation, see the ARRL
    Technical Information Service web page at, http://arrl.org/propagation-of-rf-signals. For an explanation of
    numbers used in this bulletin, see http://arrl.org/the-sun-the-earth-the-ionosphere.

    An archive of past propagation bulletins is at http://arrl.org/w1aw-bulletins-archive-propagation. More good
    information and tutorials on propagation are at http://k9la.us/.

    Monthly propagation charts between four USA regions and twelve
    overseas locations are at http://arrl.org/propagation.

    Instructions for starting or ending email distribution of ARRL
    bulletins are at http://arrl.org/bulletins.

    Sunspot numbers for November 2 through 8, 2017 were 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
    0, and 0, with a mean of 0. 10.7 cm flux was 73.6, 73.2, 72.1, 71.1,
    69.4, 68.3, and 67.6, with a mean of 70.8. Estimated planetary A
    indices were 8, 9, 4, 3, 2, 36, and 47, with a mean of 15.6.
    Estimated mid-latitude A indices were 12, 7, 2, 1, 0, 26, and 39,
    with a mean of 12.4.
    NNNN
    /EX


    ---
    ■ Synchronet ■ The Thunderbolt BBS - wx1der.dyndns.org
  • From Daryl Stout@HURRICAN/TBOLT to All on Fri Nov 17 13:21:38 2017
    SB PROP @ ARL $ARLP046
    ARLP046 Propagation de K7RA

    ZCZC AP46
    QST de W1AW
    Propagation Forecast Bulletin 46 ARLP046
    From Tad Cook, K7RA
    Seattle, WA November 17, 2017
    To all radio amateurs

    SB PROP ARL ARLP046
    ARLP046 Propagation de K7RA

    Thirteen days of zero sunspots ended on Tuesday, with sunspot numbers
    of 14, 14, and 15 on Tuesday through Thursday.

    In this week's bulletin average daily sunspot numbers increased from
    0 to 4, while average daily solar flux decreased slightly from 70.8
    to 70.3. Average planetary A index decreased from 15.6 to 12.3, and
    average mid-latitude A index declined from 12.4 to 8.6.

    Predicted solar flux is 74 on November 17-24, 75 on November 25-27,
    then 73, 72 and 71 on November 28-30, 70 on December 1-2, 69 on
    December 3-4, 68 on December 5-7, 69 on December 8-9, 70 on December
    10, 73 on December 11-16, 75 on December 17-24, then 73, 72 and 71
    on December 25-27, 70 on December 28-29, and 69 on December 30-31.

    Predicted planetary A index is 14, 10 and 15 on November 17-19, 20
    on November 20-21, then 18 and 10 on November 22-23, 5 on November
    24-28, then 8 and 10 on November 29-30, 5 on December 1-3, then 35,
    40, 28, 20 and 10 on December 4-8, 5 on December 9-10, then 15, 18,
    12, 15, 12 and 8 on December 11-16, 20 on December 17-19, 8 on
    December 20, 5 on December 21-25, 8 and 10 on December 26-27, 5 on
    December 28-30 and on December 31 it jumps to 35, indicating
    disturbed conditions.

    Geomagnetic activity forecast for the period November 17 to December
    13, 2017 from F.K. Janda, OK1HH of the Czech Propagation Interested
    Group compiling this geomagnetic activity weekly forecast since
    1978.

    "Geomagnetic field will be:
    Quiet on November 24-28, December 2, 9
    Mostly quiet on November 19, 23, 29, December 8
    Quiet to unsettled on November 18, December 1, 3, 11-12
    Quiet to active on November 17, 30, December 4, 7, 12-13
    Active to disturbed on November 20-22, December 5-6

    "Amplifications of the solar wind from coronal holes are expected on
    November (17-19,), 20-24, (29-30,) and on December (1-5,) 5-7, 9-12.

    "Remarks:
    - Parenthesis means lower probability of activity enhancement.
    - Current forecasts still remains less reliable"

    ARRL SSB Sweepstakes contest is this weekend. Rules can be found at http://www.arrl.org/sweepstakes .

    Out of Japan, this study confirms that during sunspot cycle
    minimums, solar activity is consistent from cycle to cycle, but not
    at solar cycle peaks:

    https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2017-11/nion-sms111617.php

    Bruce Smith, AC4G in Taft, Tennessee wrote on November 9:

    "In April 2013, I was so excited to hear and make a QSO with VK9CZ, Cocos-Keeling on 80m CW as reported in the ARRL Propagation Report.
    The VK9CZ signal appeared all of a sudden out of nowhere with 579
    signals at my sunset 2343Z via long path. Other stateside operators
    made the QSO including N4II who studied the technical aspects
    (science) and wrote a few articles on the path of the VK9CZ signal
    at gray line for April 2013.

    "Recently, in Nov 2017, 4 years and 7 months later, VK9CZ put on
    another DXpedition to Cocos-Keeling. To my surprise, I heard their
    signals once again pop out of nowhere on 80 CW at my sunset (from
    2235Z until 2325Z) early-November renewing my excitement. The
    signals long path (SE Beverage antenna) were surpassing 599.

    "I could not pass another chance to say hello this year by giving
    the op on that side a 599 signal report. His sigs peaked via long
    path at 10 dB over S9 at my Taft, TN QTH this year Nov 2017. Perhaps
    Fall long path sigs are better than April sigs? There were several
    stateside hams who made the 1 Nov logs on 80m. The online log only
    showed about 36 QSOs in NA who had made the logs according to the
    Clublog statistics that I was monitoring on 1 Nov. On 5 Nov, I could
    barely hear the VK9CZ signals long path via SE Beverage antenna.
    Since then, a few other lucky operators logged an 80m QSO via LP
    with VK9CZ for a total of 71 80m QSOs as late as 6 Nov. 6 Nov was
    one of their last operating periods closing out their operation with
    another long path opening. The VK9CZ signals peaked via LP about 539
    on this day in Taft, TN. All other days not described above, there
    were no apparent signals being received at my location in southern
    Tennessee on 80m.

    "My observations revealed one great long path opening at my sunset
    and one mediocre opening, while the other long path openings were
    nil to barely readable. As it was in 2013, both VK9CZ and my QTH
    were in sunlight for both QSOs taking advantage of another sunrise
    enhancement.

    "I also monitored 160m on days no sigs were heard on 80m, but not a
    whisper from the VK9CZ 160m signals at my sunset on many days
    monitored or when 160m cluster spots indicated VK9CZ operations on
    160m.

    "By the time the readers read this, the DXpedition will have ended.
    Hopefully, the next few years may bring other surprises on 80m/160m
    for us all renewing the DX Spirit for all low band operators.

    "73, Bruce/AC4G/Taft, TN/EM65"

    The earlier QSO that Bruce referred to was covered in the April 12,
    2013 issue of Propagation Forecast Bulletin ARLP015.

    See http://www.arrl.org/w1aw-bulletins-archive/ARLP015/2013

    If you would like to make a comment or have a tip for our readers,
    email the author at k7ra@arrl.net.

    For more information concerning radio propagation, see the ARRL
    Technical Information Service web page at, http://arrl.org/propagation-of-rf-signals. For an explanation of
    numbers used in this bulletin, see http://arrl.org/the-sun-the-earth-the-ionosphere.

    An archive of past propagation bulletins is at http://arrl.org/w1aw-bulletins-archive-propagation. More good
    information and tutorials on propagation are at http://k9la.us/.

    Monthly propagation charts between four USA regions and twelve
    overseas locations are at http://arrl.org/propagation.

    Instructions for starting or ending email distribution of ARRL
    bulletins are at http://arrl.org/bulletins.

    Sunspot numbers for November 9 through 15, 2017 were 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
    14, and 14, with a mean of 4. 10.7 cm flux was 65.8, 68.6, 67.3,
    69.4, 72.1, 74.4, and 74.2, with a mean of 70.3. Estimated planetary
    A indices were 20, 21, 8, 6, 6, 11, and 14, with a mean of 12.3.
    Estimated mid-latitude A indices were 11, 13, 7, 4, 6, 8, and 11,
    with a mean of 8.6.
    NNNN
    /EX

    ---
    ■ Synchronet ■ The Thunderbolt BBS - wx1der.dyndns.org
  • From Daryl Stout@HURRICAN/TBOLT to All on Fri Dec 1 15:45:48 2017
    SB PROP @ ARL $ARLP047
    ARLP047 Propagation de K7RA

    ZCZC AP47
    QST de W1AW
    Propagation Forecast Bulletin 47 ARLP047
    From Tad Cook, K7RA
    Seattle, WA December 1, 2017
    To all radio amateurs

    SB PROP ARL ARLP047
    ARLP047 Propagation de K7RA

    We skipped last week's bulletin due to the Thanksgiving holiday.

    Outlook for the near term shows solar flux at 72 on December 1, 70
    on December 2 to 7, 71 on December 8, 72 on December 9 to 12, 74 on
    December 13, 75 on December 14 to 16, 74 on December 17, 73 on
    December 18 to 20, 74 on December 21 and 22, 76 on December 23 to
    29, 72 on December 30 and 31, 70 on January 1 to 3, 71 on January 4,
    72 on January 5 to 8, 74 on January 9, 75 on January 10 to 12, 74 on
    January 13 and 73 on January 14.

    Predicted planetary A index is 5 on December 1 to 3, then 32, 36,
    18, 12 and 10 on December 4 to 8, 5 on December 9 and 10, then 12,
    15, 12 and 8 on December 11 to 14, 5 on December 15 and 16, then 8,
    25, and 10 on December 17 to 19, 8 on December 20 and 21, 5 on
    December 22 and 23, 15 on December 24, then 12 on December 25 to 27,
    8 on December 28, 5 on December 29 and 30, then 35, 40, 28, 20 and
    10 on December 31 through January 4, 5 on January 5 and 6, then 12,
    15, 12, 8 and 5 on January 7 to 11, 8 on January 12 and 13 and 25 on
    January 14.

    From F. K. Janda, OK1HH his geomagnetic activity forecast for the
    period December 1 to 27, 2017.

    Geomagnetic field will be:
    Quiet on December 2, 16, 23, 26
    Mostly quiet on December 1, 8, 14, 17, 21, 24 and 25
    Quiet to unsettled on December 3 and 4, 9 to 12, 15, 20, 27
    Quiet to active on December 7, 13, 18
    Active to disturbed on December 5 and 6, 19, 22

    Amplifications of the solar wind from coronal holes are expected on
    December (1 and 2, 4,) 5, 7 and 8, 17 to 20, (21 and 22, 24 and 25).

    Remark: Parenthesis means lower probability of activity enhancement.

    A new video from Dr. Skov:

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1lbcSEM3DtI

    Jeff, N8II in West Virginia wrote:

    "Tonight, November 30, is pretty exceptional on the low bands. On
    160M several Europeans including SM3EVR in Sweden and a G4 Great
    Britain are generating steady pile ups. The ARRL 160M contest
    starts tomorrow and USA big guns are flexing their muscles. I also
    managed a marginal QSO with S01WS, Western Sahara for a new country
    on 160M. Several EU stations were worked on 80M CW including Norway
    and Lithuania.

    In the CQWW CW DX contest Nov 25 and 26, conditions overall were
    better than last year with no disturbances of consequence throughout
    and probably slightly lower solar flux. Last year was disturbed
    until around 1200Z Sunday.

    160M was productive for the big guns the first night. I managed
    QSOs with Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain, and Hungary along with
    Caribbean and the north edge of SA running low power 100W.

    Conditions on 80 M could not have been much better through 0500Z the
    first night. I worked Iceland, Kaliningrad, EU Russia, Ukraine,
    Lithuania, Latvia, and Macedonia and many other EU countries along
    with several QSOs with West Africa (Canary Is, Morocco, and
    Madeira).

    40M was in good shape to central, western, and southern EU the first
    3 hours first night. One Caribbean station claimed over 3600 QSOs
    on 40. Asian stations were very difficult to find and work for me
    including the Arabian Peninsula where I heard Oman and Saudi Arabia.

    20M was open very well to Russia before sunrise both days and Sunday
    I managed to get many to answer my CQs. I worked a RA9 station in
    Asia but his zone was 16, the same as EU Russia. I never heard any
    Russians from zones 17 to 19, very unusual. Every part of EU was
    loud early both days, but mainly only western EU was workable by
    1600Z and very few EU were worked past 1830Z. Many stations were
    active from West Africa, but I did not hear AF zones 34 or 36.

    V6, Micronesia was worked short path around 2100Z Saturday and V7,
    Marshall Is. on Sunday. Australia was also worked long path in the
    2000Z hour and New Zealand at 0130Z short path. Signals from the
    south were workable all day and peaked around 2100 to 2300Z.

    15M was fairly marginal with only southern and western EU the first
    day with a much better but fairly short opening Sunday around 1300
    to 1415Z which included QSOs with many northern EU countries
    including Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus, northern Finland,
    Denmark, and Sweden. One southern Russian (R7) was worked and
    western EU lingered past 15Z. African signals were good as were the
    Caribbean and SA. Several Hawaiians, New Zealand, Tonga, and
    Micronesia were worked in the Pacific.

    10 meters was barely open Saturday mostly only to the Sao Paolo, PY2
    area and only a bit better Sunday to Argentina, Costa Rica, and
    Panama. There was sporadic E to Wisconsin and I worked a strong
    signal from British Columbia via either double hop Es or F2.

    I meant to mention about northern EU 15M: This opening was very
    unusual for late Nov and SFI 72 and 73, probably the best to this
    area since the CQ WW SSB weekend a month ago."

    Jon Jones, N0JK of Lawrence, Kansas wrote:

    "The 2017 Winter E-skip season appears to be underway.

    There was a nice 3 hour sporadic-E opening on 6 meters November
    28/29 UTC.

    Here in eastern Kansas EM28 -- the opening started with both the
    WB7PMP/b EM95 and the 5 watt XE2O/b EL05 6 meter beacons booming in
    at 2350z November 28.

    On 50 MHz I logged W1RAJ EM72 SSB, W4RER EL89 CW, K5VWZ in rare grid
    EL28 on SSB, NM5Z EM41, and K4DJ EM95 on CW and a loud WB7PMP EM95
    between 0015 - 0200z November 29. I noted FT8 spots for double hop
    sporadic-E between K1TOL Maine to XE2JS DL68 at 0123z. N2CJ FN30
    spotted N7HD DM34 at 0104z and WB7PMP EM95 noted AA7WB DM26 at
    0225z, both SSB 2x Es. A good mix of SSB, CW and the FT8 digital
    mode during the Es opening. A tip to FT8 ops, when conditions are
    good, contacts can be made quicker on SSB and CW."

    Jon mentioned rare grid EL28. Most of this grid is in the Gulf of
    Mexico and south of Houston, as seen at http://bit.ly/2AoQ6Qu .

    He also noted the winter E-skip season, which we hope will be active
    during the ARRL 10 meter contest, next weekend, December 9 and 10,
    2017:

    http://www.arrl.org/10-meter

    The contest occurs a few days before the peak of the Geminids meteor
    shower which could enhance ten meter conditions.

    Scott Bidstrup, TI/W7RI in Costa Rica wrote two weeks ago on
    November 17:

    "Bands down here in the single-digit latitudes are showing the
    effects of the approaching solar minimum. There hasn't been a
    single opening on six meters of any consequence here since last
    September, and normally, we would be in the middle of our evening
    TEP season into South America by now. I've only seen a handful of
    FT8 decodes from South America and by now the band should be busy
    with activity every night. Since the FT8 protocol permits signal
    detection at levels well below those of traditional methods such as
    CW and SSB, the utter lack of decode activity suggests that
    propagation via the evening TEP mode has all but stalled out. Two
    years ago, I was busy every night by now.

    On the HF bands, though, the approaching solar minimum has actually
    been good news for us here, as the solar ultraviolet and X-ray
    emissions that excite the D-layer and cause us our mid-day blackout
    on the HF bands, has been getting progressively weaker, and so the
    mid-day blackout has been shorter and less intense recently.
    There's been quite a bit of TEP activity on ten meters in the
    afternoons here recently - just about every day, the 10m band has
    been open from here into CE, LU, CX and PY. But every day it's
    always the same stations, so there's little incentive to take
    advantage of it once you've worked them all several times. On 20
    through 12, though, there's been plenty of daytime DX from other
    regions to choose from, with the bands opening into Europe by 10AM
    and not closing to the Far East until after sunset.

    20m has often been open till late in the evening, occasionally even
    through the night, usually into North and South America with a
    smattering of Europeans, and 40 has been open almost around the
    clock without fail, often with some good DX, particularly in the
    early morning. The lower D-layer absorption means that we are
    frequently working the States in the middle of the day on 40, and
    every day, without exception, we can see FT8 decodes all day long,
    even with modest antennas. Even using weak signal modes, that was
    seldom possible just as recently as last year.

    The great blessing that FT8 has been for 160, combined with the
    lower D-layer absorption means that grayline conditions have been
    workable for much longer than in the past, and several of my friends
    have worked some very respectable DX with very modest antennas on
    160 including Mellish Reef and several African stations, using 80m
    dipoles tuned with a tuner."

    A possible future solar disturbance like the Carrington Event in the
    nineteenth century is described somewhat breathlessly, over the top,
    and as if the event is actually predicted to happen in the next few
    minutes. Not sure I trust the source, but this one actually
    proposes a solution, a 100,000 ton coil sitting between Earth and
    our sun:

    http://bit.ly/2BrEdbH

    For more information concerning radio propagation, see the ARRL
    Technical Information Service at
    http://arrl.org/propagation-of-rf-signals. For an explanation of
    numbers used in this bulletin, see http://arrl.org/the-sun-the-earth-the-ionosphere.

    An archive of past propagation bulletins is at http://arrl.org/w1aw-bulletins-archive-propagation. More good
    information and tutorials on propagation are at http://k9la.us/.

    Monthly propagation charts between four USA regions and twelve
    overseas locations are at http://arrl.org/propagation.

    Instructions for starting or ending email distribution of ARRL
    bulletins are at http://arrl.org/bulletins.

    Sunspot numbers for November 16 through 22, 2017 were 15, 26, 14, 0,
    0, 0, and 0, with a mean of 7.9. 10.7 cm flux was 73.2, 76.4, 76.1,
    74.4, 73.6, 73.2, and 73.4, with a mean of 74.3. Estimated
    planetary A indices were 14, 6, 6, 5, 8, 28, and 10, with a mean of
    11. Estimated mid-latitude A indices were 11, 5, 5, 5, 7, 16, and
    7, with a mean of 8.

    Sunspot numbers for November 23 through 29, 2017 were 0, 0, 13, 15,
    15, 14, and 12, with a mean of 9.9. 10.7 cm flux was 72.4, 74.1,
    74.3, 75.5, 73.6, 71.9, and 72.6, with a mean of 73.5. Estimated
    planetary A indices were 9, 10, 7, 3, 5, 8, and 5, with a mean of
    6.7. Estimated mid-latitude A indices were 7, 8, 4, 2, 4, 6, and 4,
    with a mean of 5.
    NNNN
    /EX

    ---
    ■ Synchronet ■ The Thunderbolt BBS - wx1der.dyndns.org
  • From Daryl Stout@HURRICAN to All on Fri Oct 2 16:03:56 2020
    SB PROP @ ARL $ARLP040
    ARLP040 Propagation de K7RA

    ZCZC AP40
    QST de W1AW
    Propagation Forecast Bulletin 40 ARLP040
    From Tad Cook, K7RA
    Seattle, WA October 2, 2020
    To all radio amateurs

    SB PROP ARL ARLP040
    ARLP040 Propagation de K7RA

    Solar wind disturbed HF conditions this past week, September 24-30.

    Average daily planetary A index rose from 5.1 to 22, while average
    middle latitude A index went from 5 to 15.6. Average daily sunspot
    number declined from 1.9 to 1.6; a weak sunspot only appeared on two
    dates, September 23 and 25, with sunspot numbers of 13 and 11,
    respectively.

    Average daily solar flux was on the increase, edging up from 71.1 to
    73.4.

    Predicted solar flux for the next 45 days is 73 on October 2-4, 70
    on October 5-18, 72 on October 19-31, 70 on November 1-14 and 72 on
    November 15.

    Predicted planetary A index is 12 and 8 on October 2-3, 5 on October
    4-10, 10 on October 11, 5 on October 12-19, then 10, 18 and 20 on
    October 20-22, then 24, 16, 38 and 38 on October 23-26, then 26, 15
    and 10 on October 27-29, 5 on October 30 thru November 6, 10 on
    November 7, and 5 on November 8-15.

    Geomagnetic activity forecast for the period October 1-27, 2020 from
    OK1HH.

    "Geomagnetic field will be
    quiet on: October 6-7
    quiet to unsettled on: October 5, 13-16
    quiet to active on: October 1-2, (3-4, 8- 9, 12, 17,) 18-19
    unsettled to active: October 10-11, 20, 22, (24,) 27
    active to disturbed: October 21, 23, (25-26)

    "Solar wind will intensify on: October 1-3, 13-14, (15, 20-25,)
    26-27.

    "Parenthesis means lower probability of activity enhancement."

    Here is an article about the European Space Agency Solar Orbiter:

    https://bit.ly/2GxUX8P

    Southgate Amateur Radio has a 10 meter report:

    https://bit.ly/34gkTOK

    W6MVT in Southern California was pleasantly surprised after erecting
    a new vertical. His first catch was E51JD from the South Cook
    Islands on 28 September at 0022 UTC. This was his first SSB DX on 15
    meters in many years, though the opening vanished as quickly as it
    came.

    Jeff, N8II reported last Saturday, September 26:

    "Solar storm today, early about 1400-1500Z skip was shorter than
    normal (NJ and NC on 40) and W9-land on 20 along with a few ME/NB
    stations (Maine QSO Party this weekend), but after a good run of 5s,
    6s, 7s, and 0s on 20 SSB this afternoon the condx are very poor as
    of 2015Z. The storm is in full force."

    Ken, N4SO shared this from the Alabama Gulf Coast:

    "A wealth of information is available from the following:

    "http://www.reversebeacon.net/beacons/beacons_ncdxf.php

    "Also, one more Beacon on 21.150 MHZ is heard to add to LU4AA, OA4B,
    YV5B.

    "W6WX is often heard at this location near 2300-0000 UTC. His
    signals are strong enough to hear at 100 watts and 10 watts."

    If you would like to make a comment or have a tip for our readers,
    email the author at, k7ra@arrl.net .

    For more information concerning radio propagation, see http://www.arrl.org/propagation and the ARRL Technical Information
    Service web page at, http://arrl.org/propagation-of-rf-signals. For an explanation of numbers used in this bulletin, see http://arrl.org/the-sun-the-earth-the-ionosphere.

    An archive of past propagation bulletins is at http://arrl.org/w1aw-bulletins-archive-propagation. More good
    information and tutorials on propagation are at http://k9la.us/.

    Instructions for starting or ending email distribution of ARRL
    bulletins are at http://arrl.org/bulletins.

    Sunspot numbers for September 24 through 30, 2020 were 0, 11, 0, 0,
    0, 0, and 0, with a mean of 1.6. 10.7 cm flux was 73.6, 73.4, 72.6,
    74.1, 73.9, 72.8, and 73.3, with a mean of 73.4. Estimated planetary
    A indices were 19, 20, 27, 24, 33, 16, and 15, with a mean of 22.
    Middle latitude A index was 11, 17, 18, 16, 21, 14, and 12, with a
    mean of 15.6.
    NNNN
    /EX
    --- SBBSecho 3.11-Win32
    * Origin: The Thunderbolt BBS - tbolt.synchro.net (57:57/10)
    ■ Synchronet ■ Eye of The Hurricane BBS - hurrican.synchro.net
  • From Daryl Stout@HURRICAN to All on Fri Oct 16 22:20:07 2020
    SB PROP @ ARL $ARLP042
    ARLP042 Propagation de K7RA

    ZCZC AP42
    QST de W1AW
    Propagation Forecast Bulletin 42 ARLP042
    From Tad Cook, K7RA
    Seattle, WA October 16, 2020
    To all radio amateurs

    SB PROP ARL ARLP042
    ARLP042 Propagation de K7RA

    Sunspots returned for a few days, on October 9-12, with sunspot
    numbers of 24, 26, 15 and 15, respectively. No sunspot appeared on
    the next day, but late on Wednesday Spaceweather.com reported a new
    emerging Solar Cycle 25 spot on our Sun's southeastern limb, and a
    daily sunspot number of 12. NOAA Space Environment Center did not
    report this, instead reporting the sunspot number at 0.

    But the next day the record was corrected and NOAA reported sunspot
    numbers of 12 and 14 on October 14-15.

    Average daily sunspot number increased from 0 to 13.1, while average
    daily solar flux went from 71.8 to 73.1.

    Geomagnetic indicators were lower, with planetary A index dropping
    from 7.1 to 2.7 and middle latitude A index from 6 to 1.9.

    Prior to October 9 there were no sunspots for two weeks, and at that
    time a sunspot number of 13 on September 23 and 11 on September 25.

    Predicted solar flux for the next 45 days is 74 on October 16-17, 72
    on October 18-31, 70 on November 1-7, 73 on November 8-10, then 72,
    71 and 71 on November 11-13, 70 on November 14-23, 72 on November
    24-27 and 73 on November 28-29.

    Predicted planetary A index is 5 on October 16-19, then 10 on
    October 20, 8 on October 21-23, then 16, 38 and 38 on October 24-26,
    then 26, 15 and 10 on October 27-29, 5 on October 30 through
    November 6, 10 on November 7, 5 on November 8-15, then 10, 15 and 18
    on November 16-18, 20 on November 19-20, then 24, 14 and 10 on
    November 21-23, 8 on November 24-25, and 5 on November 26-29.

    From OK1HH, this report:

    "Geomagnetic field will be,
    quiet on: October 16, November 5-7, 10-13
    quiet to unsettled on: October 17, 31, November 3, 14-16
    quiet to active on: October (18,) 19-20, 28-29, (30,) November (1, 4)
    unsettled to active: October 22, (24,) 27, November 2, 8 (-9)
    active to disturbed: October (21, 23,) 25-26

    "Solar wind will intensify on: October (20-21,) 22, (23-25,) 26-29,
    (30,) 31, November (2-3,) 4-5, (9-11).

    "Parenthesis means lower probability of activity enhancement."

    Do you think the recent (or current) solar minimum is lasting a
    little too long? Check this contrarian view:

    https://bit.ly/3nWoGK0

    Note the link Victor20-Sep23-SSN_Forecasts.tab toward the bottom of
    the page. It shows sunspot records and predictions from 1730 til
    2101!

    Don't ask me to explain the numbers or how they were derived.

    Also, perhaps someone can help this programmer on Stack Overflow
    with his Python program for performing linear regression with a
    sunspot database:

    https://bit.ly/3lVNgIX

    On Thursday I was listening to the local Puget Sound Repeater Group
    machine on 146.96 MHz, and heard a couple of stations talking about
    gray line long path propagation on 40 meters.

    Dean Holtan, N7XS of Camano Island, Washington wrote, after I
    inquired:

    "On Wednesday October 14 at 1530 UTC I heard K6MYC and company
    working ZS6 stations. I also heard a station in the Netherlands,
    PA1A I believe. He was very loud along with the ZS6 stations, S9
    plus on the long path.

    "I was listening on my SDRplay RSPduo and a 160 meter loop at 100
    feet. If I had gotten out of bed and went down to the shack I could
    have worked them. Thursday October 15, 20 meters was nicely open
    into Europe. KW7Y was working many G stations and EA short path at
    1630 UTC. The above was all on phone.

    "Last week on October 10 starting at 0130 UTC when I was on
    vacation, on 20 meters at our sunset I worked UN7JX and VU2MB along
    with many others in Asiatic Russia. I was called by a station in
    Lebanon but that was unsuccessful all on FT8 running 500 watts and
    my 160 meter loop at 100 feet from Camano Island Washington."

    Also in the conversation (linking via internet from Kitchener,
    Ontario) was Doug Behl, VE3XDB. Later, Doug wrote:

    "Many amateurs today complain about propagation. Conditions haven't
    been great for several years, although there is some glimmer of hope
    that things may be getting better. Those experiencing the most
    frustration seem to be the sideband operators. I have had some
    success over the past few years, using a couple of principles:

    "1. Use a mode that does better in poor conditions. These days,
    everyone jumps to 'FT8,' which is a fantastic, low power mode that
    does very well in poor conditions. However, I prefer a mode that is
    more 'chatty,' creating a more traditional QSO experience. CW and
    PSK31 are both very good modes for effective contact when conditions
    are poor, and may provide an opportunity to get to know the contact
    a bit better.

    "2. Work the gray line. Grayline propagation occurs at daybreak or
    at dusk. It is very interesting because it occurs at a very
    particular time of day, opens up very quickly, and then, when time
    is up, it just disappears! Here is an short, interesting article on
    the science and experience of gray line propagation:

    "https://www.qsl.net/w2vtm/grayline.html ."

    "Following the above two principles, I have worked western and
    eastern Europe, the Caribbean and South America, as well as Oceania
    and Southeast Asia over the past few months, My modest station is
    made up of a a short, inverted-L antenna and an old Kenwood
    transceiver, usually running about 20 watts, and never more than 40
    watts. Best results have been achieved on 20, 30 and 40 meters.

    "To work the world when conditions are poor, I encourage others to
    try CW and PSK31, especially at dawn or at dusk. You may be
    surprised by the results achieved using a modest station. We need
    more operators in both of these modes!"

    Ken Brown, N4SO wrote:

    "Evidence pointed to a very good propagation path to Asiatic Russia,
    Japan, and to China on Saturday evening.

    "From October 10, 2330Z UA0, and first BV, 21.074 MHZ FT8 mode.

    "I first noticed UA0CA calling CQ from Asiatic Russia. This is a
    rarity to see a UA0 on the screen and so far I have never completed
    a contact. I have also never completed a contact with China until
    Saturday evening.

    "Calling UA0CA from my station was noticed by BV1EK, China, and he
    called me, and was able to complete a contact. At this same time
    period, completed contacts with JA1FGX, JQ1CIV, and JG1SRB.

    "A contact with UA0CA or with UA0ZK was not made, but I can
    appreciate the distance is roughly 5000 miles away. I will try again
    on Sunday.

    "(Distance to UA0ZK, for example, is 5391 miles.)"

    If you would like to make a comment or have a tip for our readers,
    email the author at, k7ra@arrl.net.

    For more information concerning radio propagation, see http://www.arrl.org/propagation and the ARRL Technical Information
    Service web page at, http://arrl.org/propagation-of-rf-signals. For
    an explanation of numbers used in this bulletin, see http://arrl.org/the-sun-the-earth-the-ionosphere.

    An archive of past propagation bulletins is at http://arrl.org/w1aw-bulletins-archive-propagation. More good
    information and tutorials on propagation are at http://k9la.us/.

    Instructions for starting or ending email distribution of ARRL
    bulletins are at http://arrl.org/bulletins.

    Sunspot numbers for October 8 through 14, 2020 were 0, 24, 26, 15,
    15, 0, and 12, with a mean of 13.1. 10.7 cm flux was 71.6, 73.1,
    73.6, 72.9, 73.8, 72.3, and 74.5, with a mean of 73.1. Estimated
    planetary A indices were 3, 2, 2, 3, 4, 3, and 2, with a mean of
    2.7. Middle latitude A index was 2, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, and 0, with a
    mean of 1.9.
    NNNN
    /EX
    --- SBBSecho 3.11-Win32
    * Origin: The Thunderbolt BBS - tbolt.synchro.net (57:57/10)
    ■ Synchronet ■ Eye of The Hurricane BBS - hurrican.synchro.net
  • From Daryl Stout@HURRICAN to All on Sat Oct 24 04:16:47 2020
    SB PROP @ ARL $ARLP043
    ARLP043 Propagation de K7RA

    ZCZC AP43
    QST de W1AW
    Propagation Forecast Bulletin 43 ARLP043
    From Tad Cook, K7RA
    Seattle, WA October 23, 2020
    To all radio amateurs

    SB PROP ARL ARLP043
    ARLP043 Propagation de K7RA

    Sunspots appeared every day of the past reporting week, and compared
    to the previous seven days, average daily sunspot number increased
    from 13.1 to 15. Average daily solar flux rose from 73.1 to 74.5.
    Geomagnetic indicators were up slightly, with average daily
    planetary A index rising from 2.7 to 5, and middle latitude A index
    from 1.9 to 4.1.

    Predicted solar flux for the next 45 days is 75 on October 23-27, 72
    on October 28, 70 on November 1-7, 73 on November 8-10, 72 on
    November 11, 71 on November 12-13, 70 on November 14-23, 72 on
    November 24-27, and 73 on November 28 through December 6.

    Predicted planetary A index is 18 and 20 on October 23, 15 on
    October 24-26, 12 on October 27, 10 on October 28, 8 on October 29,
    and 5 on October 30 through November 6, 10 on November 7, 5 on
    November 8-15, then 10, 15 and 18 on November 16-18, 20 on November
    19-20, then 24, 14 and 10 on November 21-23, 8 on November 24-25,
    and 5 on November 26 through December 6.

    F.K. Janda, OK1HH sent us his geomagnetic activity forecast for the
    period October 23 to November 18, 2020.

    "Geomagnetic field will be
    quiet on: November 5-7, 10-13
    quiet to unsettled on: October 31, November 3, 14-15
    quiet to active on: October 28-29, (30,) November (1, 4,) 16
    unsettled to active: October (24,) 27, November 2, (8-9,) 17-18
    active to disturbed: October (23, 25-26)

    "Solar wind will intensify on: October (23-25,) 26-29, (30,) 31,
    November (2-3,) 4-5, (12-14,) 15-18.

    "Parenthesis means lower probability of activity enhancement."

    This report from Jeff, N8II in West Virginia:

    "It took a while (first 10 days of October were pretty dismal), but
    recently there has been an opening to Europe daily here on 15M and
    perhaps conditions on 15 are better than the same time last year.
    Conversely, very little has been heard on 12 or 10M CW or phone.
    Last year featured some loud SA signals on 10M in the late
    afternoon. I was busy today, October 22nd, no activity.

    "It was October 10th when I started seeing 15M EU QSOs in my log.
    MI0SAI in Northern Ireland was 59 at 1525Z on SSB and SJ6A in Sweden
    was about S5-7 at 1542Z. Sunday the 11th I had some time to operate
    and worked Germany, England, Italy, Netherlands, and Croatia all
    with S7 or better signals on SSB between 1417-1527Z.

    "One thing seems apparent, the MUF is so close to 21 MHz that each
    opening is somewhat different in coverage and peak time of
    propagation. Some other highlights: EU1KY in Belarus on SSB at
    1306Z, OZ8KW in Denmark at 1411Z, SP9LCW in Poland at 1414Z, SM5YOC
    Sweden at 1416Z and SM3LBP at 1528Z, OD5OZ Lebanon at 1608Z (quite
    late for him) on the 12th. On the 13th I worked LY2TS in Lithuania
    on CW at 1516Z and I had a CW pile up of mostly western EU until
    1552Z with best DX being southern Russia, R6MI at 1544Z and UR7QC at
    1547Z. Signals seem to completely or nearly fade by 1630Z and
    decrease right after 1600Z. On the 16th 9K2HS Kuwait was my first
    QSO on CW at 1532Z and he was S5-6, but heard me on first call. On
    the 18th I logged 7Z1IS Saudi Arabia 5x7 at 1407Z. On the 19th,
    there was a very strong opening to the UK from 1515-1548Z, but not
    much happening earlier. On the 20th OH5LF Finland was 59+ when we
    signed on SSB 1407Z; his antenna was 5 over 5 element yagis and he
    was running 1.5 KW remote from his summer cottage.

    "There were strong EU SSB signals on the 20th from 1330-1510Z after
    starting with 9K2HS S5 on SSB. I worked 3 OD5 stations in Lebanon in
    a row on SSB at 1500Z. The condition dropped rapidly after 1510Z,
    very early for the band to close. Other stations worked during the
    EU opening timeframe were ZS6TVB in South Africa and ZD7FT on St.
    Helena Island with strong signals."

    Mike Schaffer, KA3JAW of Easton, Pennsylvania (FN20jq) sent this:

    "Yikes, October out-of-season single-hop sporadic-E (Es) is active
    on the 6 meter band along the east coast!

    "Saturday, October 17th from 5 to 7 PM eastern local time, 2100 to
    2300 UTC.

    "This day is twenty-five days past the Autumnal Equinox, if anyone
    is keeping track.

    "Once again, the unexpected happens during the early recovery out of
    a Solar Minimum.

    "I was monitoring the 6M FT-8 mode on 50.313 MHz with WSJT-X for Es
    to show-up along the Gulf of Mexico coastal region.

    "Then it happened, the first direct decodes in monitor receiving
    mode:

    "215700 3 -0.4 1527 ~ WA2FZW W4KBX EL98
    220345 -2 -0.4 2178 ~ KK2DOG W4KBX EL98
    220545 -1 -0.4 2177 ~ KC3PIB W4KBX EL98
    220845 -9 -0.5 1566 ~ CQ K2IL EL97

    "Grid Squares:
    EL98 - central Florida, around Orlando
    EL97 - south central, north of Lake Okeechobee

    "Now that the band is open with the Es expanding further south, I
    decided to try for any contacts down on the SSB calling frequency on
    50.125 MHz.

    "When I rolled down there, several operators were already having
    conversations about how pleasant that the band came back to life
    since the summer months.

    "At 2252 UTC I put out the first CQ call, AG4N, Bill from West
    Point, Georgia, which is like 300+ yards from the Alabama state line
    replied.

    "From my QTH to AG4GN - azimuth 230 degree, distance 771 air miles.

    "I gave Bill a signal report of Readability (4), Signal (7) with
    QSB.

    "The Es was being funneled as far away as Mobile, Alabama (996
    miles) and Biloxi, Mississippi (1,045 miles).

    "By 2335 UTC the band started to collapse with signal reports
    sliding down to 2x2.

    "No double-hop Es from Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic or other
    northern Caribbean Sea islands was heard.

    "Even if the band sounds dead, I urge everyone to continue
    monitoring the 6M SSB calling frequency, 50.125 MHz, then take it
    one step further and make that CQ call. You might be pleasantly
    rewarded even if you are running 10 watts into a 6M horizontal 1/2
    wave dipole that is below eight feet off the ground."

    A recent video from Dr. Tamitha Skov, WX6SWW can be found online at, https://bit.ly/34mi67T .

    If you would like to make a comment or have a tip for our readers,
    email the author at, k7ra@arrl.net.

    For more information concerning radio propagation, see http://www.arrl.org/propagation and the ARRL Technical Information
    Service web page at, http://arrl.org/propagation-of-rf-signals. For
    an explanation of numbers used in this bulletin, see http://arrl.org/the-sun-the-earth-the-ionosphere.

    An archive of past propagation bulletins is at http://arrl.org/w1aw-bulletins-archive-propagation. More good
    information and tutorials on propagation are at http://k9la.us/.

    For customizable propagation charts, vist the VOACAP Online for Ham
    Radio website at, http://www.voacap.com/hf .

    Instructions for starting or ending email distribution of ARRL
    bulletins are at http://arrl.org/bulletins .

    Sunspot numbers for October 15 through 21, 2020 were 14, 14, 15, 28,
    12, 11, and 11, with a mean of 15. 10.7 cm flux was 73.8, 75.3,
    73.1, 75.9, 74.8, 74.7, and 73.7, with a mean of 74.5. Estimated
    planetary A indices were 3, 4, 5, 3, 6, 4, and 10, with a mean of 5.
    Middle latitude A index was 2, 4, 5, 3, 5, 3, and 7, with a mean of
    4.1.
    NNNN
    /EX
    --- SBBSecho 3.11-Win32
    * Origin: The Thunderbolt BBS - tbolt.synchro.net (57:57/10)
    ■ Synchronet ■ Eye of The Hurricane BBS - hurrican.synchro.net
  • From Daryl Stout@HURRICAN to All on Fri Oct 30 22:00:59 2020
    SB PROP @ ARL $ARLP044
    ARLP044 Propagation de K7RA

    ZCZC AP44
    QST de W1AW
    Propagation Forecast Bulletin 44 ARLP044
    From Tad Cook, K7RA
    Seattle, WA October 30, 2020
    To all radio amateurs

    SB PROP ARL ARLP044
    ARLP044 Propagation de K7RA

    Our sun is finally waking up. Average daily sunspot number rose
    this week from 15 to 17, which is nothing remarkable, but the
    reporting week ended on Wednesday with a daily sunspot number of 36.
    Average daily solar flux rose from 74.5 to 76.9.

    The two sunspot regions currently visible, 2778 and 2779, have been
    growing rapidly. The total sunspot area in millionths of the solar
    disc on October 27 to 29 were 140, 230 and 440. Such activity has
    not been seen since spring 2019, when the total sunspot area was
    280, 300 and 410 on May 5 to 7, 2019. Still further back, the last
    time the sunspot area was higher than the 440 we saw on Thursday was
    late September and early October, 2017, when sunspot area reached
    560.

    You can find these old records here:

    ftp://ftp.swpc.noaa.gov/pub/indices/old_indices/

    Predicted solar flux is 88 on October 30 and 31, which is
    remarkable, then 82, 78, 75 and 72 on November 1 to 4, 74 on
    November 5 to 7, 75 on November 8 to 12, 72 on November 13, 70 on
    November 14 to 21, 74 and 72 on November 22 and 23, 70 on November
    24 to 26, 72 on November 27, 74 on November 28 through December 4,
    75 on December 5 to 9, 72 on December 10, and 70 on December 11 to
    13.

    Predicted planetary A index is 8, 5, 12 and 8 on October 30 through
    November 2, 5 on November 3 to 6, 10 on November 7, 5 on November 8
    to 16, then 10, 8 and 12 on November 17 to 19, 18, 15 and 20 on
    November 20 to 22, then 15, 10 and 8 on November 23 to 25, 5 on
    November 26 to 27, 8 on November 28, and 5 on November 29 through
    December 13.

    F. K. Janda, OK1HH sends his geomagnetic activity forecast for the
    period October 30 til November 25, 2020.

    "Geomagnetic field will be
    Quiet on: November 5 to 7, 10 and 11
    Quiet to unsettled on: October 31, November 12 to 15
    Quiet to active on: October (30,) November (3 and 4, 8 and 9,) 16,
    23 to 25
    Unsettled to active: November (1 and 2, 17 to 19,) 21 and 22
    Active to disturbed: November 20

    Solar wind will intensify on: October (30 and 31,) November (2,) 3
    to 5, (18 to 20,) 21 to 25

    Parenthesis means lower probability of activity enhancement."

    Note that OK1HH predicts disturbed conditions on the day prior to
    the ARRL Phone Sweepstakes Contest. But over that weekend, Friday
    through Sunday, the NOAA/USAF prediction sees planetary A index at
    18, 15 and 20.

    I frequently check https://pskreporter.info/pskmap.html for
    connections from CN87, my local grid square. With the increasing
    solar activity over the past couple of days I've seen worldwide 12
    meter propagation via FT8 reported.

    I also check the STEREO site at https://stereo.gsfc.nasa.gov/ to
    peek across the solar horizon to look for upcoming activity. Right
    now on Thursday night I see some big white blotches, in both the
    southern and northern hemispheres indicating possible activity.

    This report from Jeff, N8II in West Virginia on October 29:

    "Today was a great day on 10 through 15 meters with the SFI reported
    as high as 88! I was slow to get started, but worked about 20
    Europeans on 10 meters with some signals around S9! At one point 4
    out of 5 CW QSOs in a row were new band slots on 10M CW in my 4 year
    old log: Hungary, Ireland, Slovak Republic, and Montenegro, also
    adding Serbia. Some signals from England, Wales, and Italy were
    still good copy past 1600Z. Most 12M activity was FT8, but I did
    work loud stations from France and Bulgaria.

    In the CQWW Phone contest, I worked mainly 15M, but was peeking at
    10M long enough to work 4 Italians quite early around 1325Z at the
    same time there was sporadic E to Newfoundland Saturday. I worked 3
    French stations, plus OE2S in Austria, DL5L in Germany and the
    loudest PI4DX in the Netherlands about S8 in the 1500Z hour Sunday.

    I expected to hear no signals on 15M at the 0000Z start as it was
    nearly 2 hours past sunset. I was surprised to make 26 QSOs before
    the band died past 0100Z. At the start there was sporadic E to
    Florida and Cuba, and stations from southern SA were workable. Into
    the Pacific, I worked 3 Hawaiians, New Zealand, and Queensland,
    Australia.

    All weekend the K index was either 3 or 4 and especially Saturday it
    hurt propagation to Europe despite an early opening to southern EU.
    The most northern QSOs were Scotland and Poland. But, there were
    plenty of stations from Central and Western EU to work and late in
    the opening I caught a big gun in the Ukraine. The 250 kHz phone
    band filled up by 1300Z. I could tell prop to Germany was limited
    and UK stations were not as loud as a normal recent day. In fact,
    Friday before the WW was one of the best EU openings of the season
    so far.

    In the afternoon many stations in SA were active, particularly from
    Brazil and Argentina, but signals mid afternoon were weaker than
    expected. African signals from the Madeira and Canary Islands were
    loud until about 1900Z. I also worked 7Q6M in Malawi and ZS6TVB in
    South Africa. Over both days, conditions were often good to the
    Middle East: I logged Israel, Oman, Qatar, United Arab Emirates,
    and Saudi Arabia, missing Lebanon which I had worked multiple times
    the week prior. The last stations worked were around 2340Z in
    Mexico.

    Sunday, conditions were better to EU and SA. I started filling in
    the Northern EU map working Belarus, UB7K in southern Russia,
    Lithuania, OH0V in Aland Is., Sweden, Norway, and Denmark, missing 2
    weak stations from Estonia. After the band closed fairly late to
    EU, there was an auroral sporadic E opening to Finland around 2000Z
    working OH1F and OG6N about 3 KHz apart.

    Band crowding was severe during the EU opening making it hard to
    hear weaker signals. I noticed USA big guns working EU stations I
    could not hear or barely heard the last 90 minutes of the opening.
    ZD7BG on St. Helena Island in the South Atlantic was very difficult
    to work due to the pile up, but finally logged around 1915Z. I kept
    looking for Alaska, Japan, or north/east Pacific stations to no
    avail due to the disturbed conditions both days. SA stations were
    workable an hour past sunset, but no new Pacific countries were
    heard."

    Jon Jones, N0JK of Lawrence, Kansas wrote:

    "Last week's bulletin mentioned sporadic-E reported by Mike, KA3JAW
    on 6 Meters October 17.

    More sporadic-E appeared on 6 Meters the following week, and some
    interesting links and propagation occurred.

    On October 22, there was a major sporadic-E opening on 50 MHz across
    the eastern half of North America. The sporadic-E was able to link
    to late afternoon TEP (trans-equatorial-propagation) on to Brazil.
    Stations in New England and along the eastern seaboard were able to
    work deep into Brazil. This with a solar flux of only 75.

    October 24 sporadic-E took place from the Heartland to the southeast
    states in the evening on 50 MHz. KF0M (EM17), N0LL (EM09) and N0JK
    (EM28) made 6 Meter FT8 contacts to Georgia, Florida, and South
    Carolina around 0030z (October 25 UTC). Earlier I had sporadic-E on
    10 Meters to Mexico, working XE1KK and XE1RK on 28.074 MHz FT8.

    The following morning a very unusual opening took place on 6 Meters
    around 1440z. Trans-Atlantic multi-hop sporadic Es occurred from
    New England to central Europe. This is the first trans-Atlantic
    October sporadic-E opening I am aware of. Es are rare in October,
    and a multi-hop trans-Atlantic opening of this magnitude is
    incredible."

    Max White, M0VNG sent this from the UK concerning our sun's
    reawakening:

    https://bit.ly/2TCTWQc

    The latest from Dr. Tamitha Skov, WX6SWW:

    https://bit.ly/34DkQO8

    For more information concerning radio propagation, see http://www.arrl.org/propagation and the ARRL Technical Information
    Service at http://arrl.org/propagation-of-rf-signals. For an
    explanation of numbers used in this bulletin, see http://arrl.org/the-sun-the-earth-the-ionosphere.

    An archive of past propagation bulletins is at http://arrl.org/w1aw-bulletins-archive-propagation. More good
    information and tutorials on propagation are at http://k9la.us/.

    Instructions for starting or ending email distribution of ARRL
    bulletins are at http://arrl.org/bulletins .

    Sunspot numbers for October 22 through 28, 2020 were 11, 11, 11, 11,
    17, 22, and 36, with a mean of 17. 10.7 cm flux was 74.9, 72, 72.1,
    74.2, 75, 82.4, and 87.6, with a mean of 76.9. Estimated planetary
    A indices were 6, 12, 17, 15, 15, 9, and 12, with a mean of 12.3.
    Middle latitude A index was 3, 10, 16, 9, 15, 7, and 9, with a mean
    of 9.9.
    NNNN
    /EX
    --- SBBSecho 3.11-Win32
    * Origin: The Thunderbolt BBS - tbolt.synchro.net (57:57/10)
    ■ Synchronet ■ Eye of The Hurricane BBS - hurrican.synchro.net
  • From Daryl Stout@HURRICAN to All on Fri Nov 6 17:47:39 2020
    SB PROP @ ARL $ARLP045
    ARLP045 Propagation de K7RA

    ZCZC AP45
    QST de W1AW
    Propagation Forecast Bulletin 45 ARLP045
    From Tad Cook, K7RA
    Seattle, WA November 6, 2020
    To all radio amateurs

    SB PROP ARL ARLP045
    ARLP045 Propagation de K7RA

    10.7 cm solar flux density was 88.1 on Wednesday, November 4, the
    highest since October 14, 2016 when it was 92.8.

    The average daily solar flux for that week as reported in this
    bulletin was 76.9, and average daily sunspot number was 18.7 (see https://bit.ly/3oYTDxO), so activity four years ago was similar to
    recent activity (in fact those numbers closely match the flux and
    SSN in last week's bulletin). But in 2016 Solar Cycle 24 was
    declining, reaching a minimum about three years later, in December
    2019.

    The daily solar flux is measured at noon local time (GMT -8 hours)
    in Penticton, British Columbia, but there are actually three daily measurements, at 1800 UTC, 2000 UTC and 2200 UTC.

    Solar flux has been steadily increasing since the 2000 UTC reading
    on November 2. The three daily readings through November 5 were
    81.6, 81.9, 82.9, 82.9, 83.7, 86.9, 88.1, 89, 91.1, 90.7 and 92. But
    the daily 2000 UTC reading is always reported as the official number
    for the day.

    https://www.spaceweather.gc.ca/solarflux/sx-5-flux-en.php is where
    you can see all the daily flux readings.

    Average daily sunspot number during the current reporting week
    (October 29 through November 4) was 21.3, compared to 17 over the
    prior seven days. Average daily solar flux was 81.6, compared to
    76.9 reported last week.

    Average daily planetary A index this week was 6.3, down from 12.3
    last week. Average daily mid-latitude A index was 4.9, down from 9.9
    last week.

    Spaceweather.com reported at 0703 UTC on November 3 the new sunspot
    group produced a minor solar flare, and a pulse of UV radiation
    "briefly ionized Earth's upper atmosphere, causing a low-frequency
    radio blackout over the Indian Ocean."

    Later another flare occurred at 0022 UTC on November 5, which caused
    a brief blackout over Australia and the Pacific Ocean, causing
    signals below 10 MHz to fade.

    Check https://stereo.gsfc.nasa.gov/beacon/ for a 360-degree view of
    the STEREO image, which you can see in its conventional format at, https://stereo.gsfc.nasa.gov .

    Predicted solar flux is 88 on November 5-10, 83 on November 11, then
    dropping to 75, 74 and 75 on November 12-14, 76 on November 15-21,
    75 on November 22-27, 74 on November 28-29, 72 on November 30
    through December 5, 74 on December 6-10, 75 on December 11, 76 on
    December 12-18, and 75 on December 19.

    Predicted planetary A index is 5, 8 and 8 on November 5-7, 5 on
    November 8-16, 10, 5, 10 and 15 on November 17-20, 12 on November
    21-22, then 8, 10 and 12 on November 23-25, 5 on November 26-27, 10
    on November 28, 5 on November 29 through December 13, then 8, 5 and
    8 on December 14-16, 12 on December 17, and 10 on December 18-19.

    The forecast was from November 4, but unfortunately there was no
    updated prediction on November 5. But you can check these daily flux
    and geomagnetic predictions updated daily at, ftp://ftp.swpc.noaa.gov/pub/forecasts/45DF/ .

    There is a big new sunspot group, AR2781, which Spaceweather.com
    reports is the largest so far in new Solar Cycle 25. It should be
    geo-effective (facing Earth) over the next ten days.

    Geomagnetic activity forecast for the period November 6 to December
    2, 2020 from F.K. Janda, OK1HH.

    "Geomagnetic field will be:
    quiet on: November 6-7, 9-11, December 1-2
    quiet to unsettled on: November 8, 12-15, 19, 26-27, 30
    quiet to active on: November 16-18, 22-25, (29)
    unsettled to active: November 21, (28)
    active to disturbed: November 20

    "Solar wind will intensify on: November (18-20,) 21-25 (30, December
    2).

    "Parenthesis means lower probability of activity enhancement."

    This weekend is the CW portion of the ARRL Sweepstakes contest,
    running from 2100 UTC Saturday until 0259 UTC on Monday. See http://www.arrl.org/sweepstakes for details.

    A cool photo of the WWV antennas in Colorado, and from an unusual
    perspective:

    https://bit.ly/35UUA1l

    If you would like to make a comment or have a tip for our readers,
    email the author at, k7ra@arrl.net.

    For more information concerning radio propagation, see http://www.arrl.org/propagation and the ARRL Technical Information
    Service at http://arrl.org/propagation-of-rf-signals. For an
    explanation of numbers used in this bulletin, see http://arrl.org/the-sun-the-earth-the-ionosphere.

    An archive of past propagation bulletins is at http://arrl.org/w1aw-bulletins-archive-propagation. More good
    information and tutorials on propagation are at http://k9la.us/.

    For customizable propagation charts, visit the VOACAP Online for Ham
    Radio website at, http://www.voacap.com/hf .

    Instructions for starting or ending email distribution of ARRL
    bulletins are at http://arrl.org/bulletins .

    Sunspot numbers for October 29 through November 4, 2020 were 35, 32,
    26, 12, 11, 15, and 18, with a mean of 21.3. 10.7 cm flux was 84.6,
    79.6, 76.8, 77.3, 81.6, 82.9, and 88.1, with a mean of 81.6.
    Estimated planetary A indices were 14, 5, 6, 10, 3, 3, and 3, with a
    mean of 6.3. Middle latitude A index was 11, 4, 6, 8, 2, 2, and 1,
    with a mean of 4.9.
    NNNN
    /EX
    --- SBBSecho 3.11-Win32
    * Origin: The Thunderbolt BBS - tbolt.synchro.net (57:57/10)
    ■ Synchronet ■ Eye of The Hurricane BBS - hurrican.synchro.net
  • From Daryl Stout@HURRICAN to All on Fri Nov 13 17:44:06 2020
    SB PROP @ ARL $ARLP046
    ARLP046 Propagation de K7RA

    ZCZC AP46
    QST de W1AW
    Propagation Forecast Bulletin 46 ARLP046
    From Tad Cook, K7RA
    Seattle, WA November 13, 2020
    To all radio amateurs

    SB PROP ARL ARLP046
    ARLP046 Propagation de K7RA

    The last time we experienced a day with no sunspots was October 13.
    Prior to that, September 26 through October 8, September 24, and
    August 21 through September 22 had no sunspots. Cycle 25 is clearly
    underway and going strong.

    Average daily sunspot number over the past reporting week, November
    5 to 11 was 31.3, up from 21.3 in the previous seven days. Average
    daily solar flux increased from 81.6 to 90. The higher HF bands are
    opening up.

    Geomagnetic indicators were very quiet, with average daily planetary
    A index dropping from 6.3 to 4.4, and middle latitude A index (based
    on readings from a single magnetometer on Wallops Island, Virginia)
    from 4.9 to 2.7.

    Predicted solar flux for the following seven days was revised
    downward on Thursday, November 12. Predicted flux is 85 on November
    13 to 15, 82 on November 16, 80 on November 17 to 19, 78 on November
    20 to 25, then 80 and 82 on November 26 and 27, 86 on November 28
    through December 5, then 90, 88, 86 and 84 on December 6 to 9, 82 on
    December 10 and 11, 80 on December 12, 78 on December 13 to 22, 80
    and 82 on December 23 and 24, and 86 on December 25 to 27.

    Predicted planetary A index is 8 on November 13 to 15, 5 on November
    16 to 19, then 15, 12 and 15 on November 20 to 22, then 8, 10 and 12
    on November 23 to 25, 5 on November 26 through December 2, 8 on
    December 3 and 4, 5 on December 5 to 8, then 8 and 10 on December 9
    and 10, 5 on December 11 to 13, then 10, 5 and 10 on December 14 to
    16, then 15, 12 and 15 on December 17 to 19, then 8, 10 and 12 on
    December 20 to 22, then 5, 5, 8, 5 and 5 on December 23 to 27.

    See https://bit.ly/38CfS6W for an article about increasing solar
    activity.

    Geomagnetic activity forecast for the period November 13 to December
    9, 2020 from F. K. Janda, OK1HH.

    "Geomagnetic field will be
    Quiet on: November 13 and 14, December 1, 6 to 8
    Quiet to unsettled on: November 15 to 19, 23 to 30, December 2, 4
    Quiet to active on: December 3, 5, 9
    Unsettled to active: November (20 to 22)
    Active to disturbed: None

    Solar wind will intensify on: November (18 to 20,) 21 to 25, (30,)
    December (2,) 3 to 5, (9)

    Parenthesis means lower probability of activity enhancement."

    Mike Schaffer, KA3JAW of Easton, PA reported:

    "Friday, November 6th was a good day for 10 meters, between
    2000-2100 UTC, a wide regional swath between the North Pacific
    Ocean, North America and Western Europe were all hearing call sign
    prefixes of:
    CE/XR: Chile
    CX: Uruguay
    LU/LW: Argentina
    PY: Brazil

    Modes heard were CW, FT8, SSB.

    Signal strength went from background noise level of 2 up to 9+ dB.
    F2 distances ranged approximately from 3000 to 6000 miles (4828 to
    9656 km). DXmaps on 28 MHz indicated the MUF reached 66 MHz above
    grid square FN11 (Williamsport, PA) at 2009 UTC, then ramped up to
    72 MHz above FN00 (Altoona, PA) at 2046 UTC.

    Prior to local sunset at 2152 UTC, the F2 slowly faded out into the
    South Pacific Ocean off the middle western coast of South America.

    Five days later, November 11th:

    Around 2130 to 2320 UTC both Sporadic-E (Es) and F2 started on the
    11 meter band.

    Background noise level ranged between 3 to 4 db.

    Puerto Rico stations via Es were heard strong up to 20+ db with
    light fades.

    The following eight southern states were heard with signal
    strength's ranging from 8 to 18 db: AL, AR, FL, GA, KY, LA, MS, TN.

    At 2248 UTC the 10 meter band, FT8 mode was lightly active into AL
    and TN til 2320 UTC when the DX finally dived under the 4 db noise
    floor."

    Useful images from the Solar Dynamics Observatory:

    https://sdo.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/

    Atlas Obscura on Hisako Koyama:

    https://bit.ly/2Uu1Cod

    For more information concerning radio propagation, see http://www.arrl.org/propagation and the ARRL Technical Information
    Service at http://arrl.org/propagation-of-rf-signals. For an
    explanation of numbers used in this bulletin, see http://arrl.org/the-sun-the-earth-the-ionosphere.

    An archive of past propagation bulletins is at http://arrl.org/w1aw-bulletins-archive-propagation. More good
    information and tutorials on propagation are at http://k9la.us/.

    Instructions for starting or ending email distribution of ARRL
    bulletins are at http://arrl.org/bulletins .

    Sunspot numbers for November 5 through 11, 2020 were 28, 35, 37, 40,
    27, 27, and 25, with a mean of 31.3. 10.7 cm flux was 90.7, 93.8,
    90.6, 90, 90, 86.8, and 88.1, with a mean of 90. Estimated planetary
    A indices were 4, 8, 7, 5, 1, 2, and 4, with a mean of 4.4. Middle
    latitude A index was 3, 7, 4, 3, 0, 0, and 2, with a mean of 2.7.
    NNNN
    /EX
    --- SBBSecho 3.11-Win32
    * Origin: The Thunderbolt BBS - tbolt.synchro.net (57:57/10)
    ■ Synchronet ■ Eye of The Hurricane BBS - hurrican.synchro.net
  • From Daryl Stout@HURRICAN to All on Fri Nov 20 16:28:10 2020
    SB PROP @ ARL $ARLP047
    ARLP047 Propagation de K7RA

    ZCZC AP47
    QST de W1AW
    Propagation Forecast Bulletin 47 ARLP047
    From Tad Cook, K7RA
    Seattle, WA November 20, 2020
    To all radio amateurs

    SB PROP ARL ARLP047
    ARLP047 Propagation de K7RA

    As solar flux declined over the past week, I noticed less long
    distance propagation on 10 meters reported on pskreporter.info from
    my local grid square CN87.

    Propagation on 12 meters though was quite strong. After 0100 UTC on
    Nov 15 trans-equatorial propagation was evident between East Asia
    and Australia on 10 meters.

    Further down in this bulletin is a 12 meter report from NN4X.

    Solar activity declined dramatically over the past week, with
    average daily sunspot numbers going from 31.3 to 12. On November 15
    and 16 there were no sunspots at all, which greatly affected the
    decline in this week's average.

    Solar flux weakened from a weekly average last week of 90, to 79.8
    this week.

    Predicted solar flux over the next 45 days until the start of 2021
    is also relatively weak, although the short term prediction improved
    from November 18 to November 19. The November 19 prediction is 75 on
    November 20 to December 8, 72 on December 9-10, 70 on December
    11-12, 75, 72 and 72 on December 13-15, 70 on December 16-22, 72 on
    December 23-24, and 75 on December 25 through January 3, 2021.

    Predicted planetary A index is 5, 8, 12 and 8 on November 20-23,
    then 5 on November 24 through December 2, 8 on December 3-4, 5 on
    December 5-17, then 8, 12, 8, 10 and 12 on December 18-22, 5 on
    December 23-29, 8 on December 30-31, and 5 on January 1-3, 2021.

    Geomagnetic activity forecast for the period November 20 to December
    16, 2020 from F.K. Janda, OK1HH.

    "Geomagnetic field will be:
    quiet on: December 1, 6-8, 12-14, (15-16)
    quiet to unsettled on: November 28-30, December 2, 4, 10-11
    quiet to active on: November 26-27, December 3, 5, 9
    unsettled to active: November (20,) 21-22, (23-25)
    active to disturbed: - None predicted

    "Solar wind will intensify on: November (20,) 21-25, (30,) December
    (2,) 3-5, (9).

    "Remarks:
    - Parenthesis means lower probability of activity enhancement.
    - The predictability of changes remains lower because there are
    few unambiguous indications."

    This bulletin has mentioned the paper by McIntosh, et. al.,
    "Overlapping Magnetic Activity Cycles and the Sunspot Number:
    Predicting Sunspot Cycle 25 Amplitude."

    This week a reference appeared in the ARRL Letter, and
    https://bit.ly/36Pb0J7 is a link to that paper.

    My favorite passage: "Our method predicts that SC25 could be among
    the strongest sunspot cycles ever observed, and that it will almost
    certainly be stronger than present SC24 (sunspot number of 116) and
    most likely stronger than the previous SC23 (sunspot number of 180).
    This is in stark contrast to the consensus of the SC25PP, sunspot
    number maximum between 95 and 130, i.e., similar to that of SC24."

    SC25PP is the Solar Cycle 25 Prediction Panel, which met in
    September 2020.

    The new prediction is very exciting, and suggests a cycle that may
    rival Cycle 19, which peaked in March, 1958. The effects on
    shortwave radio propagation were remarkable, and included daily
    worldwide propagation on 10 and even 6 meters, and not just during
    daylight hours.

    I was about to turn six years old at the time, and we lived in
    Reedley, a small fruit packing town in California's San Joaquin
    Valley, where my father worked supplying agricultural chemicals to
    farmers. He drove a company car which contained a low-band VHF FM
    radio (probably 30-40 MHz, judging from my memory of the bumper
    mounted antenna), and I recall him describing being unable to
    contact the base station in Fresno, about 25 miles away, while
    getting QRM from other users in Texas.

    I've heard from many hams who were new Novice licensees at the time,
    and assumed conditions would always be like they were then. They
    have been waiting a long time.

    I would love to see daily sunspot numbers above 200.

    An article about sunspot activity in 1958:

    https://bit.ly/3pOtbHE

    NN4X reported from Florida on 12 meter FT8 activity on November 14:

    "12M was in great shape!
    ------------------------------------ 12m
    134500 1 0.1 1225 ~ DL1EZ TZ1CE -14
    134500 3 -0.5 1596 ~ OQ4U KM8AM R-07
    134500 20 0.5 1786 ~ PY2GG EA8TH R+12
    134500 13 0.3 2058 ~ SM7DLK WA8NLX EM92
    134500 9 0.2 1976 ~ CQ OZ7PBI JO45
    134500 2 -0.4 1712 ~ SV2DFK V51LZ RR73
    134500 0 0.0 2107 ~ CQ EA1DR IN82
    134500 -9 0.1 629 ~ 9J2BS EA4CYQ IM78
    134500 -20 -0.2 1393 ~ 9J2BS YB9WIC R-13
    134500 -18 0.0 994 ~ CQ S79VU LI75
    ------------------------------------ 12m
    134530 20 0.5 1786 ~ PY2GG EA8TH R+12
    134530 28 0.1 862 ~ EA8AAH W4AFB EL98
    134530 -5 -0.4 1712 ~ 4Z4DX V51LZ R+01
    134530 -13 0.1 1225 ~ DL1EZ TZ1CE -14"

    Mike Schaffer, KA3JAW (FN20jq) wrote:

    "Yikes, October out-of-season single-hop sporadic-E is active on the
    6 meter band along the east coast!

    "On Saturday, October 17, 2100-2300 UTC, it is 25 days past the
    Autumnal Equinox.

    "Once again, the unexpected happens during the early recovery out of
    a Solar Minimum.

    "I was monitoring the 6M FT-8 mode on 50.313 MHz for Es to show-up
    along the Gulf of Mexico coastal region.

    "Then it happened, the first direct decodes in monitor receiving
    mode:

    "215700 3 -0.4 1527 ~ WA2FZW W4KBX EL98
    220345 -2 -0.4 2178 ~ KK2DOG W4KBX EL98
    220545 -1 -0.4 2177 ~ KC3PIB W4KBX EL98
    220845 -9 -0.5 1566 ~ CQ K2IL EL97

    "Grid Squares:
    EL98 - central Florida, around Orlando
    EL97 - south central, north of Lake Okeechobee

    "Now that the band is open with the Es expanding further south, I
    decided to try for any contacts down on the SSB calling frequency on
    50.125 MHz.

    "When I rolled down there, several operators were already having
    conversations about how pleasant that the band came back to life
    since the summer months.

    "At 2252 UTC I put out the first CQ call, AG4N, Bill from West Point,
    Georgia, very close to the Alabama state line replied.

    "From my QTH to AG4N, azimuth 230 deg, distance 771 air miles.

    "I gave Bill a 4x7 signal report with QSB.

    "The Es was being funneled as far away as Mobile, Alabama (996 miles)
    and Biloxi, Mississippi (1,045 miles).

    "By 2335 UTC the band started to collapse with signal reports sliding
    down to 2x2.

    "No double-hop Es from Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic or other
    northern Caribbean Sea islands was heard.

    "Even if the band conditions sound dead, I urge everyone to continue
    monitoring the 6M SSB calling frequency, 50.125 MHz, then take it
    one step further and make that CQ call. You might be pleasantly
    rewarded even if you are running 10 watts into a 6M horizontal 1/2
    wave dipole that is below eight feet off the ground."

    Here is a forecast from November 14 from Dr. Tamitha Skov, WX6SWW:

    https://youtu.be/HCBth8nS79w

    This weekend is the ARRL SSB Sweepstakes Contest, see http://www.arrl.org/sweepstakes .

    If you would like to make a comment or have a tip for our readers,
    email the author at, k7ra@arrl.net.

    For more information concerning radio propagation, see http://www.arrl.org/propagation and the ARRL Technical Information
    Service web page at, http://arrl.org/propagation-of-rf-signals. For an explanation of numbers used in this bulletin, see http://arrl.org/the-sun-the-earth-the-ionosphere.

    An archive of past propagation bulletins is at http://arrl.org/w1aw-bulletins-archive-propagation. More good
    information and tutorials on propagation are at http://k9la.us/.

    Instructions for starting or ending email distribution of ARRL
    bulletins are at http://arrl.org/bulletins .

    Sunspot numbers for November 12 through 18, 2020 were 27, 24, 11, 0,
    0, 11, and 11, with a mean of 12. 10.7 cm flux was 85.1, 81.9, 80.2,
    78.7, 76.6, 79.1, and 77.3, with a mean of 79.8. Estimated planetary
    A indices were 3, 3, 3, 4, 2, 3, and 4, with a mean of 3.1. Middle
    latitude A index was 3, 2, 2, 2, 0, 3, and 3, with a mean of 2.1.
    NNNN
    /EX
    --- SBBSecho 3.11-Win32
    * Origin: The Thunderbolt BBS - tbolt.synchro.net (57:57/10)
    ■ Synchronet ■ Eye of The Hurricane BBS - hurrican.synchro.net
  • From Daryl Stout@HURRICAN to All on Tue Dec 1 18:02:09 2020
    SB PROP @ ARL $ARLP048
    ARLP048 Propagation de K7RA

    ZCZC AP48
    QST de W1AW
    Propagation Forecast Bulletin 48 ARLP048
    From Tad Cook, K7RA
    Seattle, WA December 1, 2020
    To all radio amateurs

    SB PROP ARL ARLP048
    ARLP048 Propagation de K7RA

    Over the past week our Sun has been quite active, with rising
    sunspot numbers and solar flux showing strong evidence that Solar
    Cycle 25 is progressing.

    Average daily sunspot number rose from 12 last week to 27.9 in the
    current week, while solar flux rose to a high of 103.7, bringing
    average daily solar flux up from 79.8 to 90.1.

    Average daily planetary A index rose from 3.1 to 9.9, and average
    daily middle latitude A index went from 2.1 to 7.7.

    Predicted solar flux is 106, 108 and 105 on November 27-29, 102 on
    November 30 through December 4, then 92, 88 and 85 on December 5-7,
    then 82, 80 and 78 on December 8-10, 75 on December 11-17, then 77,
    80, 90 and 92 on December 18-21, 94 on December 22-25, 92 on
    December 26 through January 1, 2021, then 88, 85, 82, 80 and 78 on
    January 2-6, and 75 on January 7-10.

    The Planetary A Index forecast shows values of 8 on November 27, 5
    on November 28 through December 17, then 12, 24 and 18 on December
    18-20, 10, 12 and 10 on December 21-23, 5 on December 24-29, 8 on
    December 30-31, and 5 on January 1-10, 2021.

    Solar flux is measured thrice daily in Penticton, British Columbia,
    and values have risen steadily in the past few days. Starting at
    2200 UTC on November 24, they were 99.6, 102.8, 103.7, 104, 105.7,
    105.8 and 110.2.

    See them here:
    https://www.spaceweather.gc.ca/solarflux/sx-5-flux-en.php

    The official daily flux value is taken at noon, local time in
    Penticton, which is 2000 UTC.

    VA7JW article about the observatory:

    http://archive.nsarc.ca/hf/drao_solar.pdf

    Geomagnetic activity forecast for the period November 27 until
    December 22, 2020 from OK1HH:

    "Geomagnetic field will be,
    quiet on: December 7, 12-14, (15-16)
    quiet to unsettled on: November 29-30, December 1-2, 6, 8, 11
    quiet to active on: November 27-28, December 3-5, 9-10, 17, 22
    unsettled to active: December 18, 21
    active to disturbed: December 19-20

    "Solar wind will intensify on: November (30,) December (2,) 3-5,
    (9,) 17-19.

    "Parenthesis means lower probability of activity enhancement. The predictability of changes remains lower because there are still few
    unambiguous indications. In addition, the situation is relatively
    rapidly changing. Which, by the way, is an indicator of further
    growth in activity."

    Jon Jones, N0JK reported on November 25:

    "Sporadic-E is picking up on 6 Meters as Thanksgiving approached.

    "Had K0GU (DN70) into northeast KS via Es on 50.313 MHz ~ 2344z with
    '-12 dB' signals on FT8 November 24.

    "Noted K0GU made a number of contacts into the St. Louis, MO area
    and W9. Also saw AC4TO (EM70) in Florida working Brazil ~ 0050z
    November 25. May have been a sporadic-E link to TEP or possibly
    direct TEP.

    "A typical spot: PY1MHZ 20/11/25 0057Z 50313.0 Into EM70 AC4TO"

    KA3JAW reported November 25:

    "Sporadic-E, both double and triple-hop rolled-up on 10 meters for
    six hours starting around 1253 till 1921 UTC.

    "Background noise level was 4 dBm on the signal strength meter.

    "The following countries, states heard: Trinidad, West Indies, AZ,
    Canada, CO, KS, NM, OK, TX, WA

    "Texas was the most heard state.

    "What was different with this event was the lack of southeastern
    states."

    AA8WH reported:

    "This is Bill Herzberg, AA8WH, of Dearborn Heights, Michigan. Just
    wanted to let you and everybody else know, 10 METERS IS ALIVE AND
    WELL.

    "Starting after noon on November 25, I decided to check out the 6m
    and 10m FT8 frequencies. Wasn't much happening on 6m, only heard a
    few calls, so I moved down to 10m. Boy what a difference. 10m FT8
    signals were coming in from all over the place.

    "I decided to go down to the sideband portion and see what was going
    on. Heard lots of ssb stations around 28.4. Heard some more above
    that.

    "Went down to 28.3, and heard several really strong stations.

    "Went down to the beacon subband, heard beacon stations, lots of
    'em, some doubling up on frequencies.

    "So I went down to 12m. Heard several SSB stations, FT8 was hopping.
    15m was wide open, as was 17m. 20m was also going strong.

    "I think that it was a combination of better conditions and a lot of
    folks home for the holidays.

    "Nice to hear the bands open. It's a taste of what's coming, when it
    will be possible to work the world with a few watts. Those times are
    coming, and it won't be soon enough for me."

    Thanks to Paul NO0T for this recording of Dr. Scott McIntosh (see https://bit.ly/3lafPle for his CV) and his presentation to the
    "Front Range 6 Meter Group" concerning Solar Cycle 25:

    https://youtu.be/lRNJPkQPo_g

    Don't miss this! Some of what he reports is quite startling, and
    optimistic.

    Coming up in two weeks is the ARRL 10 Meter contest, which will
    especially benefit from higher solar activity. See
    http://www.arrl.org/10-meter for details.

    See this article on helioseismology and sunspot prediction:

    https://bit.ly/39gIAdD

    Dr. Tamitha Skov, WX6SWW, is very excited about the new solar
    activity:

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L6L-FutZmw8

    If you would like to make a comment or have a tip for our readers,
    email the author at, k7ra@arrl.net.

    For more information concerning radio propagation, see http://www.arrl.org/propagation and the ARRL Technical Information
    Service web page at, http://arrl.org/propagation-of-rf-signals. For an explanation of numbers used in this bulletin, see http://arrl.org/the-sun-the-earth-the-ionosphere.

    An archive of past propagation bulletins is at http://arrl.org/w1aw-bulletins-archive-propagation. More good
    information and tutorials on propagation are at http://k9la.us/.

    Instructions for starting or ending email distribution of ARRL
    bulletins are at http://arrl.org/bulletins .

    Sunspot numbers for November 19 through 25, 2020 were 11, 11, 23,
    35, 38, 37, and 40, with a mean of 27.9. 10.7 cm flux was 76.7,
    81.7, 85, 87.7, 95.5, 100.4, and 103.7, with a mean of 90.1.
    Estimated planetary A indices were 3, 8, 12, 27, 8, 4, and 7, with a
    mean of 9.9. Middle latitude A index was 2, 9, 9, 19, 7, 4, and 4,
    with a mean of 7.7.
    NNNN
    /EX
    --- SBBSecho 3.11-Win32
    * Origin: The Thunderbolt BBS - tbolt.synchro.net (57:57/10)
    ■ Synchronet ■ Eye of The Hurricane BBS - hurrican.synchro.net
  • From Daryl Stout@HURRICAN to All on Fri Dec 4 17:35:12 2020
    SB PROP @ ARL $ARLP049
    ARLP049 Propagation de K7RA

    ZCZC AP49
    QST de W1AW
    Propagation Forecast Bulletin 49 ARLP049
    From Tad Cook, K7RA
    Seattle, WA December 4, 2020
    To all radio amateurs

    SB PROP ARL ARLP049
    ARLP049 Propagation de K7RA

    Sunspot cycle 25 is a year old, and increasing solar activity
    continues to surprise and amaze.

    Average daily sunspot numbers more than doubled every week over the
    past few weeks. ARLP047 reported average daily sunspot numbers of
    12, then last week the average was 27.9, and now this week we report
    the average daily sunspot number at 57.6.

    In the past week the highest daily sunspot number was 84 on Sunday,
    November 29, and solar flux also peaked that day, at 116.3, pushing
    the week's average solar flux to 108.1, up from 90.1 over the
    previous seven days and 79.8 in the week prior to that.

    Geomagnetic indicators were moderate, despite several solar flares
    reported on Spaceweather.com. Jon Jones, N0JK reports that on
    November 29 at 1311 UTC earth orbiting satellites detected the
    biggest solar flare in over 3 years. But it was not earth directed,
    so magnetometers on earth indicated nothing unusual.

    But this is a sure sign that activity is increasing.

    Predicted solar flux over the next 45 days is 100, 95, 90, 85 and 80
    on December 4 to 8, 75 on December 9 to 11, 85 on December 12, 82 on
    December 13 to 16, 85, 90 and 100 on December 17 to 19, 105 on
    December 20 and 21, 108 on December 22, 110 on December 23 to 25,
    115 on December 26 and 27, 113 on December 28 to 30, 110 on December
    31, 105 and 103 on January 1 and 2, 2021, 95 on January 3 and 4, 92
    and 88 on January 5 and 6, 85 on January 7 and 8, 82 on January 9 to
    12, then 85, 90, and 100 on January 13 to 15 and 105 on January 16
    and 17.

    Planetary A index is predicted at 5 on December 4 to 17, then 12, 20
    and 8 on December 18 to 20, 5 on December 21 and 22, 8, 10 and 8 on
    December 23 to 25, 5 on December 26 2020 through January 13, 2021,
    then 12, 20, 8 and 5 on January 14 to 17.

    Geomagnetic activity forecast for the period December 4 to 29, 2020
    from F. K. Janda, OK1HH.

    "Geomagnetic field will be
    Quiet on: December 6 and 7, 12 and 13, (14 to 16)
    Quiet to unsettled on: December 8 to 11, 21, 28
    Quiet to active on: December 4 (and 5), 17, 22 and 23, 26, 29
    Unsettled to active: December 18, 20, (24) and 25, (27)
    Active to disturbed: December 19

    Solar wind will intensify on December 4, (5 to 8, 11, 19,) 20 to 22,
    (23,) 27 (28 and 29)

    Parenthesis means lower probability of activity enhancement."

    Jeff Hartley, N8II reports from FM19cj in Shepherdstown, West
    Virginia.

    "About 10 days does not make an average, but I can never remember
    such a sudden sustained increase in SFI as the new cycle begins.
    Perhaps October 1978 may have been similar, but assume flux was
    already fairly high in the preceding months and the new cycle was
    only about a year from the peak.

    Conditions or at least activity seemed to be down a bit in the week
    preceding the CQWW CW contest until Friday which seemed better. 20M
    was a bit disappointing at the Saturday November 0000Z start with
    most DX coming from Southern South America.

    D4Z on Cape Verde was loud and continued to be through most of the
    weekend on 20.

    I managed a marginal scatter with Italy beaming at 150 degrees (over
    Brazil).

    Moving to 40 at 0023Z signals were loud from Germany and Hungary
    farther south. At 0121Z 7Q6M Malawi and CR3W Madeira Is. were logged
    easily on 40. On 80M at 0220Z I could work EU excluding Russia north
    of the Black Sea area and the Baltic states, but signals were not
    that loud. 160M was very tough with large pile ups on NA DX and not
    much readable from Africa or Europe.

    I resumed on 20M at 1158Z about 10 minutes before sunrise and the
    band was already full of loud Europeans even open already to Russia.
    Signal levels were very good with high activity. R8WF in Asia but
    still in the EU Russian zone 16 was my best DX to the east.

    By 1309Z signals from EU were building nicely on 15M from nearly all
    corners. Some of my first contacts were OH3077F in Finland, RL6M
    southern Russia, LY4T Lithuania, and UT7NY Ukraine. By 1430Z,
    Northern EU was mostly gone on 15M, but I maintained a good EU QSO
    rate until about 1522Z. A brief visit to 10M then found Spain (very
    weak), Canary Is., Puerto Rico, French Guiana, and Cayman Is. Then
    it was back to 20 with good western EU conditions until about 1700Z
    staying there working EU until 1721Z. 5H3EE Tanzania went into my
    15M log at 1735Z.

    Starting at 1741Z 10M was open well to Chile, Argentina, and a bit
    less well to Brazil. The 10M SA opening was starting to fade at
    1900Z. Back on 20M at 1927Z there was a good auroral sporadic E
    opening to Scandinavia on 20M. ZM1M New Zealand had a good long path
    signal at 1953Z as did VK4TS Queensland, Australia shortly after.

    On 15M starting at 2015Z, I worked New Zealand, Australia, Hawaii,
    and Alaska. A quick check of 10M at 2105Z yielded 5 contacts with
    loud Hawaiians! The first Japanese station, JA1ZGO I worked at
    2125Z, but the auroral curtain was like a wall and only big gun JA's
    were worked through 2355Z. I heard 3 Chinese stations due north from
    here, but no contacts were made.

    At sunset 2151Z, southern SA was loud and I was thrilled to work
    JR1GSE Japan at 2157Z. The low band conditions were not good to
    northern EU on any band during the evening, but 40 did stay open to
    some extent to southern EU through 0200Z. 80M EU signals were down,
    and on 160 very weak.

    I managed some quick QSOs on 40 to UN9L Kazakhstan, VK3GI Australia,
    and ZM1A New Zealand starting at 1133Z. 20M was not fully open to EU
    at 1152Z, but much better 10 minutes later.

    I logged many EU over the next 70 minutes and was thrilled to be
    called by EX8MJ Kyrgyzstan who was weak, and UN0L. At 1304Z, I found
    good EU signals on 15M and soon there were some incredibly loud
    signals 20 to 30db over S9! Even stations in N and NE EU were very
    workable but weaker.

    4L6QL, Georgia was my best DX to the east. At 1424Z, there was a
    weak opening to EU on 10M logging Italy, Slovak Rep., and France,
    and CR3DX on Madeira, AF. Later at 1524Z on 10, I found ZD7BG, St.
    Helena Is., and at 1603Z Croatia, Germany, Italy, Portugal, and 7Q6M
    Malawi. CR6K in Portugal was still heard at 1730Z, very late! The
    opening to EU on 15M lasted late, still okay but fading at 1650Z. I
    was able to keep a good EU QSO rate going on 20 through 1743Z, much
    later than Saturday."

    On December 3, N7RP reported from New Mexico:

    "This morning a little after 8 AM local time, I worked HS0ZGC
    (Thailand) on 12 meters on FT8. He was working South American
    Stations and I did not see any other US stations work him other than
    myself. I am just running 100 W to a vertical, so I have no idea
    what path it was. It was amazing, since it must have been around
    midnight there. He immediately uploaded to LOTW, so the contact is
    confirmed."

    Look up N7RP on QRZ.com to read his great narrative about his life
    in ham radio. Not to be missed!

    6,000 km TEP contact between Aruba and Argentina on 2 meter SSB
    reported:

    https://bit.ly/2JJ3veM

    Mike Schaffer, KA3JAW reported from Easton, Pennsylvania FN20jq.

    "On Monday, November 30, 11 meter CB (27 MHz) was very active from coast-to-coast.

    Even if you're under heavy rain, with severe thunderstorms you still
    can detect stations via sporadic-e (Es) well past the 2,600 mile
    (4184 km) range.

    The radio background noise levels varied between 3 to 5 dBm on the
    signal strength meter.

    Below are places that I heard, distance, and sporadic-e hops.

    AZ (Tempe) - 2072 miles (3334 km) (2x)
    CA (Los Angeles) - 2384 (3836 km) miles (2x)
    CA (San Diego) - 2366 miles (3807 km) (2x)
    CO (Denver) - 1567 miles (2521 km) (1x)
    MT (Bozeman) - 1823 miles (2933 km) (2x)
    NM (Albuquerque) - 1749 (2814 km) (1x)
    NV (Los Vegas) - 2167 miles (3487 km) (2x)
    OK (Oklahoma city) - 1261 miles (2029 km) (1x)
    PR (San Juan) - 2625 miles (4224 km) (2x)
    TX (San Antonio) - 1524 miles (2452 km) (1x)
    TX (El Paso) - 1839 miles (2959 km) (2x)
    UT (Salt Lake City) - 1908 miles (3070 km) (2x)
    WA (Seattle) - 2349 miles (3780 km) (2x)
    Canada, Alberta (Calgary) - 1974 miles (3176 km) (2x)
    Canada, British Columbia (Vancouver) - 2377 miles (3825 km) (2x)
    Jamaica (Kingston) - 1569 miles (2525 km) (1x)"

    Newspaper coverage of solar flare:

    https://bit.ly/2I9hXME

    And NYC image:

    https://bit.ly/3g6migj

    Frank Donovan, W3LPL shared this several days ago:

    "A solar flare from massive solar region 2786 at 1311Z on Sunday 29
    November was the most powerful solar flare and coronal mass ejection
    (CME) thus far during solar cycle 25. The sun's activity is now
    rapidly increasing after a slow increase in activity this year
    following solar minimum last December.

    The flare and CME erupted from just behind the southeast solar limb
    and was not Earth directed. The shock enhancement/glancing blow from
    the CME may cause unsettled to active geomagnetic conditions on 1
    and 2 December. There is a chance for additional M-class solar
    flares through 2 December and a slight chance for much stronger
    X-class flares.

    The WSA-Enlil model shows the 29 November solar flare and associated
    CME. Earth is the yellow dot."

    https://go.nasa.gov/2VxzXDH

    For more information concerning radio propagation, see http://www.org/propagation and the ARRL Technical Information
    Service at http://arrl.org/propagation-of-rf-signals. For an
    explanation of numbers used in this bulletin, see http://arrl.org/the-sun-the-earth-the-ionosphere.

    An archive of past propagation bulletins is at http://arrl.org/w1aw-bulletins-archive-propagation. More good
    information and tutorials on propagation are at http://k9la.us/.

    Instructions for starting or ending email distribution of ARRL
    bulletins are at http://arrl.org/bulletins .

    Sunspot numbers for November 26 through December 2, 2020 were 43,
    60, 67, 84, 62, 46, and 41, with a mean of 57.6. 10.7 cm flux was
    105.8, 106.3, 109.6, 116.3, 109.4, 104.1, and 104.9, with a mean of
    108.1. Estimated planetary A indices were 7, 8, 10, 6, 8, 2, and 4,
    with a mean of 6.4. Middle latitude A index was 5, 7, 9, 6, 6, 2,
    and 4, with a mean of 5.6.
    NNNN
    /EX
    --- SBBSecho 3.11-Win32
    * Origin: The Thunderbolt BBS - tbolt.synchro.net (57:57/10)
    ■ Synchronet ■ Eye of The Hurricane BBS - hurrican.synchro.net
  • From Daryl Stout@HURRICAN to All on Mon Dec 28 17:35:54 2020
    SB PROP @ ARL $ARLP052
    ARLP052 Propagation de K7RA

    ZCZC AP52
    QST de W1AW
    Propagation Forecast Bulletin 52 ARLP052
    From Tad Cook, K7RA
    Seattle, WA December 28, 2020
    To all radio amateurs

    SB PROP ARL ARLP052
    ARLP052 Propagation de K7RA

    Merry Christmas.

    Sunspots went missing last Friday and Saturday, but large new
    sunspot group 2794 appeared on Sunday, December 21, and on Wednesday Spaceweather.com reported new sunspot group 2795 emerging over our
    Sun's southeastern limb.

    This disappearance depressed the average weekly sunspot number,
    which went from 17.4 last week to 10.3 this week, ending on
    Wednesday, December 23. Our reporting week runs from Thursday
    through Wednesday.

    In spite of lower sunspot numbers, the average daily solar flux
    increased slightly from 82.1 to 82.8.

    Average daily planetary A index increased from 4.7 to 7.3, and
    average daily middle latitude A index went from 3.3 to 6. These are
    still low numbers, indicating quiet geomagnetic conditions, so 160
    meter propagation remains good, also aided by lower seasonal
    atmospheric noise as winter begins in the Northern Hemisphere.

    Predicted solar flux for the next 30 days is 88 on December 25 to
    30, 86 on December 31, 84 on January 1 to 6, 82 on January 7 to 12,
    84 on January 13 to 20, and 86 on January 21 to 23.

    Predicted geomagnetic indicators for the same period has planetary A
    index at 15 and 8 on December 25 and 26, 5 on December 27 through
    January 4, 10 on January 5 and 6, 5 on January 7 to 12, 8 on January
    13, 5 on January 14 to 16, then 12, 8 and 18 on January 17 to 19,
    then 15, 10, 8 and 3 on January 20 and 23.

    The OK1HH geomagnetic activity forecast for the period December 25,
    2020 til January 19, 2021:

    "Geomagnetic field will be
    Quiet on: January 4, 12 to 14
    Quiet to unsettled on: December 28 to 31, January 1 to 3, 15
    Quiet to active on: December 25 to 27, January 6, 8, 10 and 11, 16
    Unsettled to active: January 2, 5, 7, 9, 17, 19
    Active to disturbed: January 18

    Solar wind will intensify on: December (25,) 27 (28 and 29,)
    (January 1 to 3, 7 and 9, 18,) 19

    Remarks:
    - Parenthesis means lower probability of activity enhancement.
    - The predictability of changes is lower again, as there are
    ambiguous and changing indications.

    I wish you a blessed Christmas, positive thinking and negative
    tests."

    Steve, NN4X reported working a VK and a ZL via 15 meter long path
    around 1915 UTC on December 23 using FT8. NN4X is in Florida,
    southeast of Orlando. His antenna (two stacked 6 element Yagis) is
    highly directional, so he has no doubt this was long path. He was
    also heard at 3D2 and KH6. He writes, "I've been a ham since 1977,
    and this stuff never gets boring."

    Check out his impressive array of antennas listed on his QRZ.com
    page. He sent a pskreporter screenshot showing he was copied all
    over the world, except Asia.

    Jeff, N8II wrote on December 19:

    "Today, we had 2 contests. The RAC and 9A CW (Croatia, everybody
    works everybody). 15 was a bit marginal into western Canada, but I
    worked MB, SK, AB, and BC plus several VE3's on backscatter. 15
    meters was open to Southern and Central EU at the 1400 UTC 9A CW
    start, but with few loud signals. By 1500 UTC most activity
    disappeared. 20 meter signals were loud from both eastern and
    western Canada and Europe, with the band starting to close around
    1615 UTC. My last EU QSOs were with Geoff, GM8OFQ in the Orkney
    Islands (S9+10db) and Tom G1IZQ (S9 with QSB) just after 1700 UTC.

    Signals from EU have been weaker and openings much shorter on 15
    meters in general this past week due to the drop in solar activity.
    One day I had a QSO with a loud Norwegian who was S9 around 1400
    UTC, but in general most signals have been from southern EU.

    Our sunsets are already later here by 3 minutes, but sunrises will
    get later until about December 31 due to the elliptical orbit of the
    Earth, so openings to the East will get later."

    Tamitha Skov's latest: https://bit.ly/3aIEWKq

    For more information concerning radio propagation, see http://www.arrl.org/propagation and the ARRL Technical Information
    Service at http://arrl.org/propagation-of-rf-signals. For an
    explanation of numbers used in this bulletin, see http://arrl.org/the-sun-the-earth-the-ionosphere.

    An archive of past propagation bulletins is at http://arrl.org/w1aw-bulletins-archive- propagation. More good
    information and tutorials on propagation are at http://k9la.us/.

    Instructions for starting or ending email distribution of ARRL
    bulletins are at http://arrl.org/bulletins .

    Sunspot numbers for December 17 through 23, 2020 were 12, 0, 0, 11,
    11, 11, and 27, with a mean of 10.3. 10.7 cm flux was 81.6, 80.5,
    81.7, 83.8, 79.6, 85.8, and 86.4, with a mean of 82.8. Estimated
    planetary A indices were 2, 3, 5, 4, 12, 13, and 12, with a mean of
    7.3. Middle latitude A index was 2, 2, 4, 4, 8, 11, and 11, with a
    mean of 6.
    NNNN
    /EX
    --- SBBSecho 3.11-Win32
    * Origin: The Thunderbolt BBS - tbolt.synchro.net (57:57/10)
    ■ Synchronet ■ Eye of The Hurricane BBS - hurrican.synchro.net
  • From Daryl Stout@HURRICAN to All on Fri Jan 1 22:38:57 2021
    SB PROP @ ARL $ARLP001
    ARLP001 Propagation de K7RA

    ZCZC AP01
    QST de W1AW
    Propagation Forecast Bulletin 1 ARLP001
    From Tad Cook, K7RA
    Seattle, WA January 2, 2021
    To all radio amateurs

    SB PROP ARL ARLP001
    ARLP001 Propagation de K7RA

    Sunspot cycle 25 is progressing normally, and with the new year my
    outlook is optimistic. Solar minimum occurred only a bit more than
    a year ago (December 2019) and now we see very few days with no
    sunspots.

    Average daily sunspot number over this past week was 27.1, and a
    week ago the average was just 10.3. Average daily solar flux rose
    from 82.8 to 86.4.

    Predicted solar flux over the next 30 days is 81 and 80 on January 1
    and 2, 79 on January 3 and 4, 78 on January 5 to 8, then jumping to
    84 on January 9 to 14, then 85, 86 and 87 on January 15 to 17, 88 on
    January 18 to 28, 87 on January 29 and 86 on January 30. It then
    dips to 84 on February 1 to 10.

    Predicted planetary A index is 5 on January 1 and 2, 8 and 5 on
    January 3 and 4, 8 on January 5 to 7, 5 on January 8 to 17, 10 on
    January 18 to 20, 8 on January 21, 5 on January 22 to 24, 10 on
    January 25, and 5 on January 26 to 30.

    Both the current sunspot groups (2794 and 2795) are about to slip
    across the sun's western horizon.

    When I check https://stereo.gsfc.nasa.gov/ for any possible coming
    activity, I don't see anything obvious, but do not be surprised if
    new activity appears soon, perhaps before mid-January along with the
    predicted higher flux values.

    From OK1HH:

    "Geomagnetic activity forecast for the period January 1 to 26, 2021

    Geomagnetic field will be
    Quiet on: January 1, 3, 13 and 14
    Quiet to unsettled on: January 2, 4, 8, 10, 12, 15 and 16, 21, 25
    and 26
    Quiet to active on: January 5 to 7, 9, 11, 17, 22 and 23
    Unsettled to active: January 20, 24
    Active to disturbed: January 18 and 19

    Solar wind will intensify on: (January 1 to 3, 7 to 9, 19 and 20,)
    21 and 22, (23, 25 and 26)

    Remarks:
    - Parenthesis means lower probability of activity enhancement.
    - The predictability of changes is lower again, as there are
    ambiguous and changing indications.

    Wishing Happy New Year, positive thinking and negative tests.

    F. K. Janda, OK1HH from Czech Propagation Interested Group compiling
    these geomagnetic activity weekly forecasts since January 1978".

    Ted Leaf, K6HI of Kona, Hawaii sent this, another optimistic report
    on new cycle 25:

    https://bit.ly/2XdqaUd

    More on the NCAR prediction and the solar clock:

    https://bit.ly/2MkHVyt

    For more information concerning radio propagation, see http://www.arrl.org/propagation and the ARRL Technical Information
    Service at http://arrl.org/propagation-of-rf-signals. For an
    explanation of numbers used in this bulletin, see http://arrl.org/the-sun-the-earth-the-ionosphere.

    An archive of past propagation bulletins is at http://arrl.org/w1aw-bulletins-archive-propagation. More good
    information and tutorials on propagation are at http://k9la.us/.

    Instructions for starting or ending email distribution of ARRL
    bulletins are at http://arrl.org/bulletins .

    Sunspot numbers for December 24 through 30, 2020 were 25, 30, 31,
    26, 26, 26, and 26, with a mean of 27.1. 10.7 cm flux was 87.4,
    87.7, 87.9, 87.8, 87.2, 84.2, and 82.8, with a mean of 86.4.
    Estimated planetary A indices were 10, 5, 4, 6, 7, 7, and 9, with a
    mean of 6.9. Middle latitude A index was 7, 4, 3, 4, 6, 5, and 6,
    with a mean of 5.
    NNNN
    /EX
    --- SBBSecho 3.11-Win32
    * Origin: The Thunderbolt BBS - tbolt.synchro.net (57:57/10)
    ■ Synchronet ■ Eye of The Hurricane BBS - hurrican.synchro.net
  • From Daryl Stout@HURRICAN to All on Fri Jan 8 17:54:39 2021
    SB PROP @ ARL $ARLP002
    ARLP002 Propagation de K7RA

    ZCZC AP02
    QST de W1AW
    Propagation Forecast Bulletin 2 ARLP002
    From Tad Cook, K7RA
    Seattle, WA January 8, 2021
    To all radio amateurs

    SB PROP ARL ARLP002
    ARLP002 Propagation de K7RA

    Sunspots disappeared after January 2, so the average daily sunspot
    number dropped from 27.1 last week to 10 for this reporting week,
    December 31 through January 6.

    As a result, average daily solar flux declined as well, from 86.4 to
    78.6.

    Geomagnetic indicators remain quiet, with planetary A index changing
    from 6.9 to 5.1, and middle latitude numbers from 5 to 4.

    This decline was unexpected, and of course we would rather see more
    and more sunspots as Solar Cycle 25 progresses, but this is normal. We
    expect much variability in any sunspot cycle.

    Predicted solar flux for the next 30 days looks depressed, far
    different from the high 80s we saw around Christmas. Solar flux is
    expected at 74 on January 8-15, 80 on January 16, 82 on January
    17-27, 80 on January 28-31, and 78 on February 1-6. Flux values may
    rise to 82 around mid-February.

    Planetary A index is predicted at 5 on January 8-9, 8 on January
    10-11, 5 on January 12-16, 10 on January 17-20, 5 on January 21-24,
    8 on January 25-26, 5 on January 27-31, then 10, 10 and 8 on
    February 1-3, and 5 on February 4-5. A index may rise to 10 by
    mid-February.

    This prediction, prepared by the US Air Force, is updated daily,
    usually after 2120 UTC, and can be found at, ftp://ftp.swpc.noaa.gov/pub/forecasts/45DF/ .

    Geomagnetic activity forecast for the period January 8 to February
    3, 2021 from OK1HH.

    "Geomagnetic field will be,

    quiet on: January 10, 12-14, 22, 30-31

    quiet to unsettled on: January 11, 23, 27-29, February 1

    quiet to active on: January 8, 15-16, 21, 24-26

    unsettled to active: January 9, 17, 19-20, February 3

    active to disturbed: January 18, February 2

    Solar wind will intensify on: (January 8-9, 15-17, 19-20,) 21 (- 22,
    (23, 25-26,) February 2-3.

    "Parenthesis means lower probability of activity enhancement. The predictability of changes is lower again, as there are ambiguous and
    changing indications. Including rapidly emerging and disappearing
    narrow bands of solar coronal holes."

    If you would like to make a comment or have a tip for our readers,
    please email the author at, k7ra@arrl.net .

    For more information concerning radio propagation, see http://www.arrl.org/propagation and the ARRL Technical Information
    Service web page at, http://arrl.org/propagation-of-rf-signals.

    For an explanation of numbers used in this bulletin, see http://arrl.org/the-sun-the-earth-the-ionosphere.

    An archive of past propagation bulletins is at http://arrl.org/w1aw-bulletins-archive-propagation. More good
    information and tutorials on propagation are at http://k9la.us/.

    Instructions for starting or ending email distribution of ARRL
    bulletins are at http://arrl.org/bulletins .

    Sunspot numbers for December 31, 2020 through January 6, 2021 were
    25, 23, 22, 0, 0, 0, and 0, with a mean of 10. 10.7 cm flux was
    81.2, 80.4, 81.5, 80.4, 77.6, 75.1, and 74.1, with a mean of 78.6.
    Estimated planetary A indices were 3, 4, 2, 2, 3, 11, and 11, with a
    mean of 5.1. Middle latitude A index was 2, 3, 1, 1, 3, 9, and 9,
    with a mean of 4.
    NNNN
    /EX
    --- SBBSecho 3.11-Win32
    * Origin: The Thunderbolt BBS - tbolt.synchro.net (57:57/10)
    ■ Synchronet ■ Eye of The Hurricane BBS - hurrican.synchro.net
  • From Daryl Stout@HURRICAN to All on Fri Jan 15 21:37:01 2021
    SB PROP @ ARL $ARLP003
    ARLP003 Propagation de K7RA

    ZCZC AP03
    QST de W1AW
    Propagation Forecast Bulletin 3 ARLP003
    From Tad Cook, K7RA
    Seattle, WA January 15, 2021
    To all radio amateurs

    SB PROP ARL ARLP003
    ARLP003 Propagation de K7RA

    What happened? Solar Cycle 25 seemed well underway, but no new
    sunspots emerged since last year prior to Christmas, on December 23,
    2020 to be exact. The last time any sunspot was visible was on
    January 2. On January 14, Spaceweather.com posted, "Welcome back,
    solar minimum."

    Average daily solar flux declined from 78.6 to 73.8. Geomagnetic A
    index remained quiet.

    Predicted solar flux for the next 30 days is 74, 74 and 75 on
    January 15-17, 80 on January 18-21, then 78 on January 22-27, 77 on
    January 28-31, 75 on February 1-6, and 74 on February 7-13. Flux is
    expected to peak at 78 again after February 14.

    Predicted planetary A index is 5 on January 15-16, then 10, 12, 10
    and 8 on January 17-20, 5 on January 21-24, 8 on January 25-26, 5 on
    January 27-31, 10 on February 1-2, 5 on February 3-12 and 10 on
    February 13.

    Geomagnetic activity forecast for the period January 15 to February
    10, 2021 from F.K. Janda, OK1HH:

    "Geomagnetic field will be:
    quiet on: January 22, 28-30, February 4, 10
    quiet to unsettled on: January 23, 25, 27, February 5-6, 9
    quiet to active on: January 15-16, 21, 24, 26, 31, February 1, 3
    unsettled to active: January 17-20, February 2, 7-8
    active to disturbed: none predicted

    "Solar wind will intensify on January (19-20,) 21, (25-27, 31)
    February (1,) 2-3.

    "Parenthesis means lower probability of activity enhancement.

    "The predictability of changes is lower again, as there are
    ambiguous and changing indications."

    Peering at STEREO spacecraft images via
    https://stereo.gsfc.nasa.gov/ I see a bright spot due to cross a few
    days from now, so perhaps that indicates a new sunspot over the
    solar horizon. But I have been fooled by bright spots on STEREO in
    the past which did not emerge as sunspots.

    Jon Jones, N0JK reports E-skip on 6 meters:

    "Sporadic-E on 50 MHz dropped off after the first week of January.
    There was a sporadic-E opening I found January 10 with K8TB (EN72)
    in on FT8 at 1937 UTC.

    "On January 14 a rare and unusual opening on 6 meters occurred
    between New England, VE1 and Europe. DK8NW and DK1MAX were spotted
    at 1415 UTC by WW1L (FN54). HA2NP was spotted by VE1P UTC (FN85) at
    1436 UTC. VE1PZ was spotted by OH6MW at 1430 UTC calling CQ on
    50.313 MHz FT8.

    "Propagation mode unclear but probably multi-hop sporadic-E. Solar
    flux only 73, unlikely to be F2."

    A few days ago Dr. Tamitha Skov, WX6SWW, posted this video:

    https://youtu.be/x07w9xAqCSw .

    K9LA gave an excellent presentation on propagation for the Madison
    DX Club on Tuesday, and the video will appear here shortly:

    http://www.madisondxclub.org/MDXC_Programs.html

    Until then, you can also watch a November presentation on Solar
    Cycle 25 by Dr. Douglas Biesecker of the NOAA Space Weather
    Prediction Center via that same link.

    More speculation about Solar Cycle 25:

    https://www.universetoday.com/149468/will-solar-cycle-25-dazzle-or- fizzle-in-2021/

    (above URL all on one line)

    WB8VLC in Salem, Oregon (CN84lv) sent an extensive listing of DX
    worked over the past few months, none of it using FT8, just SSB and
    CW. Recently on January 10 using a home made Moxon antenna at 24
    feet on 17 meters he worked TZ4AM on CW in Mali at 1903 UTC with 599
    signals both ways, and a few minutes earlier at 1857 UTC on SSB he
    worked V51WH in Namibia, with S9 signals which persisted for 2
    hours.

    Back in late November on 10 meter FM he worked Brazil, Costa Rica
    and Jamaica.

    He wrote, "I like to promote the upper bands 10 and 12 meters to
    show that they are open more often than one would think."

    If you would like to make a comment or have a tip for our readers,
    please email the author at, k7ra@arrl.net .

    For more information concerning radio propagation, see http://www.arrl.org/propagation and the ARRL Technical Information
    Service web page at, http://arrl.org/propagation-of-rf-signals. For an explanation of numbers used in this bulletin, see http://arrl.org/the-sun-the-earth-the-ionosphere.

    An archive of past propagation bulletins is at http://arrl.org/w1aw-bulletins-archive-propagation. More good
    information and tutorials on propagation are at http://k9la.us/.

    Instructions for starting or ending email distribution of ARRL
    bulletins are at http://arrl.org/bulletins .

    Sunspot numbers for January 7 through 13, 2021 were 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
    0, and 0, with a mean of 0. 10.7 cm flux was 74.6, 75.2, 74.2, 73.1,
    73.2, 72.8, and 73.2, with a mean of 73.8. Estimated planetary A
    indices were 6, 2, 3, 3, 14, 9, and 4, with a mean of 5.9. Middle
    latitude A index was 4, 1, 2, 3, 10, 8, and 3, with a mean of 4.4.
    NNNN
    /EX
    --- SBBSecho 3.11-Win32
    * Origin: The Thunderbolt BBS - tbolt.synchro.net (57:57/10)
    ■ Synchronet ■ Eye of The Hurricane BBS - hurrican.synchro.net
  • From Daryl Stout@HURRICAN to All on Fri Jan 22 17:46:59 2021
    SB PROP @ ARL $ARLP004
    ARLP004 Propagation de K7RA

    ZCZC AP04
    QST de W1AW
    Propagation Forecast Bulletin 4 ARLP004
    From Tad Cook, K7RA
    Seattle, WA January 22, 2021
    To all radio amateurs

    SB PROP ARL ARLP004
    ARLP004 Propagation de K7RA

    We just witnessed twelve consecutive days with no sunspots, which
    many of us found a bit unsettling. But fortunately Solar Cycle 25
    activity returned with new sunspot 2796 on January 15. Instead of
    moving from the east across the solar horizon, it emerged in the
    southern hemisphere, just west of center.

    Currently we are seeing sunspot regions 2797 and 2798, which emerged
    in the southeast, and looking at images from the STEREO spacecraft,
    I see another bright spot on the horizon.

    Average daily sunspot number increased from 0 last week to 14.7
    in this reporting period, January 14-20.

    Average daily solar flux rose from 73.8 to 76.1, and geomagnetic
    indicators sank to very quiet levels. Average daily planetary A
    index dropped from 5.9 to 4, and average daily middle latitude A
    index from 4.4 to 3.

    The outlook for the next month looks good. Predicted daily solar
    flux for the next 30 days is 80 on January 22-28, 75 on January 29
    to February 3, 76 from February 4-10, 77 from February 11-17, and 76
    on February 18-20.

    Predicted planetary A index is 5 on January 22-26, 8 on January
    27-28, 5 on January 29-31, 10 on February 1-2, 5 on February 3-13,
    then 10, 10, 12 and 10 on February 14-17, and 5 on February 18-20.

    Geomagnetic activity forecast for the period January 22 to February
    17, 2021 from F.K. Janda, OK1HH.

    "Geomagnetic field will be,
    quiet on: January 22, 28-30, February 4, 10
    quiet to unsettled on: January 23, 27, February 5-6, 9-13, 17
    quiet to active on: January 24-26, 31, February 1, 3, 7, 14-16
    unsettled to active: February 2, 8
    active to disturbed: none

    "Solar wind will intensify on: January (25-27, 31,) February (1,)
    2-3, (4, 8-10, 15-16).

    "- Parenthesis means lower probability of activity enhancement.

    "- Now the predictability of changes is much lower than before, as
    there are very ambiguous indications.

    "- This forecast was made on the 21st day, the 21st year of the 21st
    century and is valid since 21:21 UTC."

    Ken, N4SO in Grand Bay, Alabama reports good results running 1-watt
    and an inverted vee on 80 meter CW. On January 15 at 0730 UTC he
    worked V31MA in Belize. He is having fun late nights on 30 meters
    running FT8 and making worldwide contacts.

    Check https://bit.ly/39SXS75 for the recent propagation talk by K9LA
    at the Madison DX Club.

    If you would like to make a comment or have a tip for our readers,
    please email the author at, k7ra@arrl.net .

    For more information concerning radio propagation, see http://www.arrl.org/propagation and the ARRL Technical Information
    Service web page at, http://arrl.org/propagation-of-rf-signals. For an explanation of numbers used in this bulletin, see http://arrl.org/the-sun-the-earth-the-ionosphere.

    An archive of past propagation bulletins is at http://arrl.org/w1aw-bulletins-archive-propagation. More good
    information and tutorials on propagation are at http://k9la.us/.

    Instructions for starting or ending email distribution of ARRL
    bulletins are at http://arrl.org/bulletins .

    Sunspot numbers for January 14 through 20, 2021 were 0, 13, 15, 23,
    13, 14, and 25, with a mean of 14.7. 10.7 cm flux was 73.6, 73.4,
    77.7, 77.2, 75.3, 78.1, and 77.2, with a mean of 76.1. Estimated
    planetary A indices were 2, 3, 4, 3, 4, 6, and 6, with a mean of 4.
    Middle latitude A index was 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 6, and 5, with a mean of
    3.
    NNNN
    /EX
    --- SBBSecho 3.11-Win32
    * Origin: The Thunderbolt BBS - tbolt.synchro.net (57:57/10)
    ■ Synchronet ■ Eye of The Hurricane BBS - hurrican.synchro.net
  • From Daryl Stout@HURRICAN to All on Fri Jan 29 11:24:25 2021
    SB PROP @ ARL $ARLP005
    ARLP005 Propagation de K7RA

    ZCZC AP05
    QST de W1AW
    Propagation Forecast Bulletin 5 ARLP005
    From Tad Cook, K7RA
    Seattle, WA January 29, 2021
    To all radio amateurs

    SB PROP ARL ARLP005
    ARLP005 Propagation de K7RA

    Solar activity increased this week. We saw no spotless days, and
    the average daily sunspot number rose from 14.7 to 28.1. Average daily
    solar flux was up from 76.1 to 77.2.

    Average daily planetary A index rose from 4 to 9.4 due to a minor
    geomagnetic storm on Monday. On that day Alaska's High Latitude
    College A index was 33.

    Predicted solar flux for the next 30 days is 76, 75, 74 and 74 on
    January 29 Through February 1, then 72, 70, 70 and 72 on February
    2-5, 76 on February 6-10, 77 on February 11-20, 76 on February
    21-24, 75 on February 25-27.

    Predicted planetary A index is 5, 5 and 8 on January 29-31, then 18,
    12 and 8 on February 1-3, 5 on February 4-6, 10 on February 7-8, 5
    on February 9-19, then 8, 12 and 12 on February 20-22, and 5 on
    February 23-27.

    Even after a nice stretch of days with sunspots, 10.7 cm solar flux
    seems weak. Last week and this week we reported average daily solar
    flux of 73.8 and 78.6. But toward the end of 2020, the three
    bulletins reporting data from November 19 through December 9 had
    average daily solar flux at 90.1, 108.1 and 91.9.

    On Thursday Spaceweather.com reported a sunspot number of 26 and
    showed an image of two active regions on the Sun, 2800 and 2797, but
    NOAA SESC showed a sunspot number of 0 for the same day, reported
    at, ftp://ftp.swpc.noaa.gov/pub/indices/DSD.txt .

    Perhaps this will be corrected after this bulletin is released. That
    DSD.txt file is the only source used for sunspot numbers reported in
    this bulletin.

    Geomagnetic activity forecast for the period January 29 to February
    24, 2021 from F.K Janda, OK1HH.

    "Geomagnetic field will be:
    quiet on: January 29-31, February 4, 10, (24)
    quiet to unsettled on: February 5-6, 9-13, 17, 19
    quiet to active on: February 1, 3, 7, 14-16, 18, 20, 22-23
    unsettled to active: February (2, 8, 21)
    active to disturbed: none predicted

    "Solar wind will intensify on January (31,) February (1,) 2-3, (4,
    8-10, 15-17, 20-21,) 22-24, (25).

    "Parenthesis means lower probability of activity enhancement. The predictability of changes remains low, as indicators are ambiguous."

    An article about tree rings as an indicator of historical solar
    activity can be found online at:

    https://bit.ly/2YorDYf

    This weekend is the CW portion of the CQ 160 meter contest.
    Geomagnetic activity is quite low, which is a favorable indication
    for 160 meters. See https://www.cq160.com/ for rules.

    Imagine, if you will, the worst possible solar flare, maybe worse
    than the infamous Carrington Event, the one that made aurora visible
    all the way down to the equator and set fire to telegraph offices.
    Some smart people have done just that. Try not to scare yourself:

    https://bit.ly/3t3TxXv

    Check out last weekend's Propagation Summit:

    https://bit.ly/3r0G6Wv

    Dr. Tamitha Skov, WX6SWW, has a new mini-course:

    https://bit.ly/36mbgj4

    KA3JAW enjoys monitoring the FM broadcast band and the 11 meter band
    for E-skip. He reported from Pennsylvania:

    "Nothing heard on the FM band, but Monday, January 25th was a great
    radio day for both single-hop and double-hop sporadic-E (Es) on 11
    meters.

    "The spectacular event started early in the morning, 6:45 AM (1145
    UTC) till late afternoon - 4:54 PM (2154 UTC).

    "It all began with reception of short-hop Es into southern Maine at 7
    AM. Signal was 20dB over S9 at a range of 300+ miles.

    "At 2 PM, double-hop Es western stations were heard, AZ, CA, UT, WA
    and Alberta, Canada.

    "And if that was not enough, I was hearing west coast stations
    calling out to HI.

    "Around 3:45 PM, western states, southern Texas (Houston, San
    Antonio, Waco) along with Florida (Tampa) were heard.

    "Twenty-one states, two Canadian and one Mexican station were heard:

    "AL, AZ, CA, CT, FL, GA, IA, IN, KY, LA, ME, MI, MS, NC, OH, SC, TN,
    TX, UT, VA, and WA.

    "In Canada: Ontario, Alberta.

    "In Mexico: Tijuana."

    If you would like to make a comment or have a tip for our readers,
    please email the author at, k7ra@arrl.net .

    For more information concerning radio propagation, see http://www.arrl.org/propagation and the ARRL Technical Information
    Service web page at, http://arrl.org/propagation-of-rf-signals. For an explanation of numbers used in this bulletin, see http://arrl.org/the-sun-the-earth-the-ionosphere.

    An archive of past propagation bulletins is at http://arrl.org/w1aw-bulletins-archive-propagation. More good
    information and tutorials on propagation are at http://k9la.us/.

    Instructions for starting or ending email distribution of ARRL
    bulletins are at http://arrl.org/bulletins .

    Sunspot numbers for January 21 through 27, 2021 were 26, 39, 34, 23,
    26, 23, and 26, with a mean of 28.1. 10.7 cm flux was 77.6, 78.2,
    77.9, 77.6, 77.1, 75.7, and 76.3, with a mean of 77.2. Estimated
    planetary A indices were 3, 4, 5, 5, 17, 21, and 11, with a mean of
    9.4. Middle latitude A index was 2, 3, 3, 4, 14, 9, and 9, with a
    mean of 6.3.
    NNNN
    /EX
    --- SBBSecho 3.11-Win32
    * Origin: The Thunderbolt BBS - tbolt.synchro.net (57:57/10)
    ■ Synchronet ■ Eye of The Hurricane BBS - hurrican.synchro.net
  • From Daryl Stout@HURRICAN to All on Fri Feb 5 12:42:39 2021
    SB PROP @ ARL $ARLP006
    ARLP006 Propagation de K7RA

    ZCZC AP06
    QST de W1AW
    Propagation Forecast Bulletin 6 ARLP006
    From Tad Cook, K7RA
    Seattle, WA February 5, 2021
    To all radio amateurs

    SB PROP ARL ARLP006
    ARLP006 Propagation de K7RA

    We just witnessed five days in a row with zero sunspots, but on
    February 2 a small sunspot group (2801) appeared on our Sun's
    northwest limb. It soon rotated off the Sun's visible area, and on
    Thursday the sunspot number was back to 0.

    We will probably see a few more days with no sunspots, but a return
    after February 11 is possible when increased solar flux is forecast.

    Average daily sunspot numbers declined from 28.1 reported in last
    week's Propagation Forecast Bulletin ARLP005 to 3.3 this week.
    Average daily solar flux dropped three points from 77.2 to 74.2.

    Average daily planetary A index went from 9.4 to 6.7.

    Solar flux over the next 30 days is predicted at 74 on February
    5-11, 76 on February 12-16, 78 on February 17-22, 76 on February
    23-25, 74 on February 26, 73 on February 27 through March 1, and 72
    on March 2-7.

    Predicted planetary A index is 5, 8, 16 and 10 on February 5-8, then
    8 on February 9-10, 5 on February 11-20, then 20, 16 and 12 on
    February 21-23, 5 on February 24-27, then 18, 12 and 8 on February
    28 through March 2, 5 on March 3-5, and 10 on March 6-7. A coronal
    hole may return on March 20-21 causing a rising A index.

    Geomagnetic activity forecast for the period February 5 to March 2,
    2021 from F.K. Janda, OK1HH.

    "Geomagnetic field will be,
    quiet on: February 18-19, 26-27
    quiet to unsettled on: February 5-6, 9-13, 17, 24-25
    quiet to active on: February 7-8, 14-16, 20, 23, 28
    unsettled to active: February 21-22, March 1-2
    active to disturbed: nothing predicted

    "Solar wind will intensify on: February (8-10, 15-17, 20-22,) 23-24,
    (25-28).

    "Remarks:
    - Parenthesis means lower probability of activity enhancement.
    - Predictability of changes remains low, as indications remain
    ambiguous."

    N0JK reported, "Had some sporadic-E on 50 MHz the evening of
    February 1 (February 2 UTC). XE2TT (DL44) on 50.313 MHz, 0205 UTC. I
    was on Saturday night for a couple of hours January 31 UTC for the
    CQ 160 M CW contest. Band noisy due to snow and high winds in
    eastern Kansas. Made over 50 contacts with 5 watts and a rain gutter
    antenna."

    More from Jon the next day:

    "Some sporadic-E on 6 Meters February 2, 3 and 4. Es is rare in
    February. I worked WA2VJL (EL16) on 50.313 MHz FT8 from my mobile
    set up on the 2nd. See below.

    "N0LL (EM09) is back on 6 Meters after repairing storm damage to his
    antenna. On February 3 Larry worked XE2ML on 6 Meters. VK3OER in
    Australia spotted K0TPP in Missouri! Possible sporadic-E-TEP across
    the Pacific Ocean.

    "XE2ML 21/02/04 0010Z 50313.0 EM09<ES>DL74 N0LL
    N0LL 21/02/04 0009Z 50313.0 DL74QB EM09 TNX qso 7 XE2ML

    "Had some Es when I checked from my car at work. Decoded XE2OR,
    N7WB/p, K0JY, and XE2ML.

    "N7WB/P 21/02/03 2354Z 50313.0 EM28IX ES DM51BI N0JK

    "VK3OER spotted K0TPP!

    "K0TPP 21/02/04 0036Z 50313.0 -16 CQ K0TPP correct! VK3OER"

    In response to last week's bulletin and the subject of super-huge
    solar flares, Jon commented: "The VHF community is ready. Bring it
    on!"

    Article about solar magnetic waves and corona composition:

    https://bit.ly/3pRz5Hv

    The latest report from Dr. Tamitha Skov, WX6SWW:

    https://bit.ly/39P9r0o

    An audio tour of the Sunspot, New Mexico solar observatory:

    https://bit.ly/39QVAGS

    If you would like to make a comment or have a tip for our readers,
    please email the author at, k7ra@arrl.net .

    For more information concerning radio propagation, see http://www.arrl.org/propagation and the ARRL Technical Information
    Service web page at, http://arrl.org/propagation-of-rf-signals. For an explanation of numbers used in this bulletin, see http://arrl.org/the-sun-the-earth-the-ionosphere.

    An archive of past propagation bulletins is at http://arrl.org/w1aw-bulletins-archive-propagation. More good
    information and tutorials on propagation are at http://k9la.us/.

    Instructions for starting or ending email distribution of ARRL
    bulletins are at http://arrl.org/bulletins .

    Sunspot numbers for January 28 through February 3, 2021 were 0, 0,
    0, 0, 0, 12, and 11, with a mean of 3.3. 10.7 cm flux was 75.6,
    75.5, 73.7, 73.4, 73.7, 72.9, and 74.3, with a mean of 74.2.
    Estimated planetary A indices were 5, 3, 2, 1, 5, 17, and 14, with a
    mean of 6.7. Middle latitude A index was 3, 2, 2, 0, 4, 11, and 10,
    with a mean of 4.6.
    NNNN
    /EX
    --- SBBSecho 3.11-Win32
    * Origin: The Thunderbolt BBS - tbolt.synchro.net (57:57/10)
    ■ Synchronet ■ Eye of The Hurricane BBS - hurrican.synchro.net
  • From Daryl Stout@HURRICAN to All on Fri Feb 12 15:39:40 2021
    SB PROP @ ARL $ARLP007
    ARLP007 Propagation de K7RA

    ZCZC AP07
    QST de W1AW
    Propagation Forecast Bulletin 7 ARLP007
    From Tad Cook, K7RA
    Seattle, WA February 12, 2021
    To all radio amateurs

    SB PROP ARL ARLP007
    ARLP007 Propagation de K7RA

    Sunspots are gone, with none seen since February 2 and 3. So there
    were no sunspots from January 28 through February 1, then again none
    after February 3.

    Spaceweather.com reported on Wednesday a small proto-sunspot
    struggling to form, but by Thursday it was gone.

    They also report 57% of the days so far in 2021 are spotless. This
    is the same as the percentage of spotless days in all of 2020.

    Average daily solar flux was 72.8 over this reporting week, with
    last week's average at 74.2. Average planetary A index increased
    from 6.7 to 7.7, and average daily middle latitude A index rose from
    4.6 to 6. These are still low, quiet numbers, quite favorable for
    conditions on 80 and 160 meters, particularly during winter.

    Predicted solar flux for the next 30 days is 75 on February 12-19,
    78 on February 20-22, 76 on February 23-25, 74 on February 26, 73 on
    February 27 through March 1, 72 on March 2-7, 74 on March 8-10, and
    76 on March 11-13.

    Flux values may rise to 78 again after the middle of March, just
    before Spring Equinox in the Northern Hemisphere, which occurs on
    March 20.

    Predicted planetary A index is 5 on February 12-14, then 22 and 14
    on February 15-16, 5 on February 17-20, then 20, 16 and 12 on
    February 21-23, 5 on February 24-28, then 18 and 14 on March 1-2, 5
    on March 3-4, then 8, 20 and 10 on March 5-7, and 5 on March 8-13.

    Geomagnetic activity forecast for the period February 12 to March 9,
    2021 from F.K. Janda, OK1HH.

    "Geomagnetic field will be:
    quiet on: February 12, 18-19, 25-27, March 5, 8-9.
    quiet to unsettled on: February 13, 17, 24, March 3-4, 7.
    quiet to active on: February 14-16, 20, 23, 28, March 6.
    unsettled to active: February 21-22, March 1-2.
    active to disturbed: none predicted.

    "Solar wind will intensify on: February (15-17, 21-22,) 23-24,
    (25-26,) March 2-4.

    "-Parenthesis means lower probability of activity enhancement.
    -Predictability of changes remains low, as there are very ambiguous indications."

    Thank you to Jon Jones, N0JK for this info on personal space weather
    stations and a network tying them together:

    https://bit.ly/3aZPpje

    https://bit.ly/2MYSk3B

    Jon, who is in Eastern Kansas (EM28) also reported 6 meter
    sporadic-E activity:

    "Major 6 Meter Es opening across North America February 7-8 UTC. Es
    first spotted around 1430 UTC and lasted until 0440 UTC.

    "From Kansas had Texas in on Es around 1620 UTC.

    "Later XE2ML (DL74) and XE2JS (DL78) at 2220 UTC.

    "New Zealand was copied by stations in New England and W5LDA (EM15)
    in Oklahoma was received by ZL1RS on 3 FT8 sequences."

    If you would like to make a comment or have a tip for our readers,
    please email the author at, k7ra@arrl.net .

    For more information concerning radio propagation, see http://www.arrl.org/propagation and the ARRL Technical Information
    Service web page at, http://arrl.org/propagation-of-rf-signals. For an explanation of numbers used in this bulletin, see http://arrl.org/the-sun-the-earth-the-ionosphere.

    An archive of past propagation bulletins is at http://arrl.org/w1aw-bulletins-archive-propagation. More good
    information and tutorials on propagation are at http://k9la.us/.

    Instructions for starting or ending email distribution of ARRL
    bulletins are at http://arrl.org/bulletins .

    Sunspot numbers for February 4 through 10, 2021 were 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
    0, and 0, with a mean of 0. 10.7 cm flux was 73.9, 72.8, 72.5, 73.2,
    73.6, 70, and 73.7, with a mean of 72.8. Estimated planetary A
    indices were 7, 6, 7, 21, 6, 4, and 3, with a mean of 7.7. Middle
    latitude A index was 7, 3, 4, 18, 6, 3, and 1, with a mean of 6.
    NNNN
    /EX
    --- SBBSecho 3.11-Win32
    * Origin: The Thunderbolt BBS - tbolt.synchro.net (57:57/10)
    ■ Synchronet ■ Eye of The Hurricane BBS - hurrican.synchro.net